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Titanium and Protein Adsorption: An Overview of Mechanisms and Effects of Surface Features

Titanium and its alloys, specially Ti6Al4V, are among the most employed materials in orthopedic and dental implants. Cells response and osseointegration of implant devices are strongly dependent on the body–biomaterial interface zone. This interface is mainly defined by proteins: They adsorb immedia...

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Autores principales: Barberi, Jacopo, Spriano, Silvia
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8037091/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805137
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071590
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author Barberi, Jacopo
Spriano, Silvia
author_facet Barberi, Jacopo
Spriano, Silvia
author_sort Barberi, Jacopo
collection PubMed
description Titanium and its alloys, specially Ti6Al4V, are among the most employed materials in orthopedic and dental implants. Cells response and osseointegration of implant devices are strongly dependent on the body–biomaterial interface zone. This interface is mainly defined by proteins: They adsorb immediately after implantation from blood and biological fluids, forming a layer on implant surfaces. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand which features of biomaterials surfaces influence formation of the protein layer and how to guide it. In this paper, relevant literature of the last 15 years about protein adsorption on titanium-based materials is reviewed. How the surface characteristics affect protein adsorption is investigated, aiming to provide an as comprehensive a picture as possible of adsorption mechanisms and type of chemical bonding with the surface, as well as of the characterization techniques effectively applied to model and real implant surfaces. Surface free energy, charge, microroughness, and hydroxylation degree have been found to be the main surface parameters to affect the amount of adsorbed proteins. On the other hand, the conformation of adsorbed proteins is mainly dictated by the protein structure, surface topography at the nano-scale, and exposed functional groups. Protein adsorption on titanium surfaces still needs further clarification, in particular concerning adsorption from complex protein solutions. In addition, characterization techniques to investigate and compare the different aspects of protein adsorption on different surfaces (in terms of roughness and chemistry) shall be developed.
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spelling pubmed-80370912021-04-12 Titanium and Protein Adsorption: An Overview of Mechanisms and Effects of Surface Features Barberi, Jacopo Spriano, Silvia Materials (Basel) Review Titanium and its alloys, specially Ti6Al4V, are among the most employed materials in orthopedic and dental implants. Cells response and osseointegration of implant devices are strongly dependent on the body–biomaterial interface zone. This interface is mainly defined by proteins: They adsorb immediately after implantation from blood and biological fluids, forming a layer on implant surfaces. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to understand which features of biomaterials surfaces influence formation of the protein layer and how to guide it. In this paper, relevant literature of the last 15 years about protein adsorption on titanium-based materials is reviewed. How the surface characteristics affect protein adsorption is investigated, aiming to provide an as comprehensive a picture as possible of adsorption mechanisms and type of chemical bonding with the surface, as well as of the characterization techniques effectively applied to model and real implant surfaces. Surface free energy, charge, microroughness, and hydroxylation degree have been found to be the main surface parameters to affect the amount of adsorbed proteins. On the other hand, the conformation of adsorbed proteins is mainly dictated by the protein structure, surface topography at the nano-scale, and exposed functional groups. Protein adsorption on titanium surfaces still needs further clarification, in particular concerning adsorption from complex protein solutions. In addition, characterization techniques to investigate and compare the different aspects of protein adsorption on different surfaces (in terms of roughness and chemistry) shall be developed. MDPI 2021-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8037091/ /pubmed/33805137 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071590 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Review
Barberi, Jacopo
Spriano, Silvia
Titanium and Protein Adsorption: An Overview of Mechanisms and Effects of Surface Features
title Titanium and Protein Adsorption: An Overview of Mechanisms and Effects of Surface Features
title_full Titanium and Protein Adsorption: An Overview of Mechanisms and Effects of Surface Features
title_fullStr Titanium and Protein Adsorption: An Overview of Mechanisms and Effects of Surface Features
title_full_unstemmed Titanium and Protein Adsorption: An Overview of Mechanisms and Effects of Surface Features
title_short Titanium and Protein Adsorption: An Overview of Mechanisms and Effects of Surface Features
title_sort titanium and protein adsorption: an overview of mechanisms and effects of surface features
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8037091/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805137
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071590
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