Function Trumps Form in Two Sugar Symporters, LacY and vSGLT †
Active transport of sugars into bacteria occurs through symporters driven by ion gradients. LacY is the most well-studied proton sugar symporter, whereas vSGLT is the most characterized sodium sugar symporter. These are members of the major facilitator (MFS) and the amino acid-Polyamine organocation...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8037263/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808202 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073572 |
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author | Abramson, Jeff Wright, Ernest M. |
author_facet | Abramson, Jeff Wright, Ernest M. |
author_sort | Abramson, Jeff |
collection | PubMed |
description | Active transport of sugars into bacteria occurs through symporters driven by ion gradients. LacY is the most well-studied proton sugar symporter, whereas vSGLT is the most characterized sodium sugar symporter. These are members of the major facilitator (MFS) and the amino acid-Polyamine organocation (APS) transporter superfamilies. While there is no structural homology between these transporters, they operate by a similar mechanism. They are nano-machines driven by their respective ion electrochemical potential gradients across the membrane. LacY has 12 transmembrane helices (TMs) organized in two 6-TM bundles, each containing two 3-helix TM repeats. vSGLT has a core structure of 10 TM helices organized in two inverted repeats (TM 1–5 and TM 6–10). In each case, a single sugar is bound in a central cavity and sugar selectivity is determined by hydrogen- and hydrophobic- bonding with side chains in the binding site. In vSGLT, the sodium-binding site is formed through coordination with carbonyl- and hydroxyl-oxygens from neighboring side chains, whereas in LacY the proton (H(3)O(+)) site is thought to be a single glutamate residue (Glu325). The remaining challenge for both transporters is to determine how ion electrochemical potential gradients drive uphill sugar transport. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8037263 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80372632021-04-12 Function Trumps Form in Two Sugar Symporters, LacY and vSGLT † Abramson, Jeff Wright, Ernest M. Int J Mol Sci Review Active transport of sugars into bacteria occurs through symporters driven by ion gradients. LacY is the most well-studied proton sugar symporter, whereas vSGLT is the most characterized sodium sugar symporter. These are members of the major facilitator (MFS) and the amino acid-Polyamine organocation (APS) transporter superfamilies. While there is no structural homology between these transporters, they operate by a similar mechanism. They are nano-machines driven by their respective ion electrochemical potential gradients across the membrane. LacY has 12 transmembrane helices (TMs) organized in two 6-TM bundles, each containing two 3-helix TM repeats. vSGLT has a core structure of 10 TM helices organized in two inverted repeats (TM 1–5 and TM 6–10). In each case, a single sugar is bound in a central cavity and sugar selectivity is determined by hydrogen- and hydrophobic- bonding with side chains in the binding site. In vSGLT, the sodium-binding site is formed through coordination with carbonyl- and hydroxyl-oxygens from neighboring side chains, whereas in LacY the proton (H(3)O(+)) site is thought to be a single glutamate residue (Glu325). The remaining challenge for both transporters is to determine how ion electrochemical potential gradients drive uphill sugar transport. MDPI 2021-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8037263/ /pubmed/33808202 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073572 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Review Abramson, Jeff Wright, Ernest M. Function Trumps Form in Two Sugar Symporters, LacY and vSGLT † |
title | Function Trumps Form in Two Sugar Symporters, LacY and vSGLT
† |
title_full | Function Trumps Form in Two Sugar Symporters, LacY and vSGLT
† |
title_fullStr | Function Trumps Form in Two Sugar Symporters, LacY and vSGLT
† |
title_full_unstemmed | Function Trumps Form in Two Sugar Symporters, LacY and vSGLT
† |
title_short | Function Trumps Form in Two Sugar Symporters, LacY and vSGLT
† |
title_sort | function trumps form in two sugar symporters, lacy and vsglt
† |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8037263/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33808202 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073572 |
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