Serum Levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 Are Positively Associated with Aortic Stiffness in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Aortic stiffness (AS), assessed using carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), is associated with cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The relationship between serum fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) and AS in T2DM patients was evaluated. Fasting serum FGF-21 levels of 130 T2DM patients were measured using an enzyme immunoassay kit. A validated tonometry system was used to measure cfPWV (>10 m/s indicated AS). Of these T2DM patients, 34.6% were defined as the AS group. T2DM patients with AS were older; exhibited higher systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and body fat mass; higher triglyceride, fasting glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, and creatinine levels; higher urine albumin-to-creatinine ratios and serum FGF-21 levels; and lower estimated glomerular filtration rates. The FGF-21 level (odds ratio = 1.005, 95% confidence interval: 1.002–1.009, p = 0.002) as well as systolic blood pressure was an independent predictor of AS and positively correlated to cfPWV values (β = 0.369, p < 0.001) in T2DM patients. For T2DM patients, serum FGF-21 level could be a predictor for AS.