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Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations

A new non-dispersive, anti-washout grout consisting of ordinary Portland cement, slag, superplasticizer, and methylbenzyl cellulose is proposed herein for the treatment of open karst, jointed and fractured rock, open-work gravel, and permeable sediments. A series of laboratory experiments were perfo...

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Autores principales: Baluch, Khaqan, Baluch, Sher Q, Yang, Hyung-Sik, Kim, Jung-Gyu, Kim, Jong-Gwan, Qaisrani, Saeed
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8037925/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805081
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071587
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author Baluch, Khaqan
Baluch, Sher Q
Yang, Hyung-Sik
Kim, Jung-Gyu
Kim, Jong-Gwan
Qaisrani, Saeed
author_facet Baluch, Khaqan
Baluch, Sher Q
Yang, Hyung-Sik
Kim, Jung-Gyu
Kim, Jong-Gwan
Qaisrani, Saeed
author_sort Baluch, Khaqan
collection PubMed
description A new non-dispersive, anti-washout grout consisting of ordinary Portland cement, slag, superplasticizer, and methylbenzyl cellulose is proposed herein for the treatment of open karst, jointed and fractured rock, open-work gravel, and permeable sediments. A series of laboratory experiments were performed to design an anti-wash out grout suitable for grout injection of coarse aggregates depicting partially and open-jointed saturated rock mass and grouting concrete aggregates for underwater construction. The Taguchi orthogonal array was used to obtain nine different grout mix ratios. A total of four variables were considered, each with three different levels of the water–cement ratio, slag, and dosage of additives such as the superplasticizer and methyl benzyl cellulose. The laboratory determination of grout characteristics recording of mini slump, temperature, pH, visual assessment of grout dispersion, bleeding, and initial setting time and as well as uniaxial compressive strengths and permeabilities of the hardened grout samples were tested. To evaluate the suitability of the grout mixes, an analysis of variance was used for factor analysis and Grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to determine the optimal grout mix design. Based on the GRA, the following levels of the factors afforded the best results: water level 1 (0.3%), SP level 3 (0.01%), methylbenzyl cellulose level 2 (0.002%), and slag level 3 (0.1%). This paper describes the research methodology, detailed research observations, and analyses involved in designing the appropriate concrete mix. Based on the conclusions, relevant commendations regarding the suitability of grout testing equipment and grout mix designs are presented.
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spelling pubmed-80379252021-04-12 Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations Baluch, Khaqan Baluch, Sher Q Yang, Hyung-Sik Kim, Jung-Gyu Kim, Jong-Gwan Qaisrani, Saeed Materials (Basel) Article A new non-dispersive, anti-washout grout consisting of ordinary Portland cement, slag, superplasticizer, and methylbenzyl cellulose is proposed herein for the treatment of open karst, jointed and fractured rock, open-work gravel, and permeable sediments. A series of laboratory experiments were performed to design an anti-wash out grout suitable for grout injection of coarse aggregates depicting partially and open-jointed saturated rock mass and grouting concrete aggregates for underwater construction. The Taguchi orthogonal array was used to obtain nine different grout mix ratios. A total of four variables were considered, each with three different levels of the water–cement ratio, slag, and dosage of additives such as the superplasticizer and methyl benzyl cellulose. The laboratory determination of grout characteristics recording of mini slump, temperature, pH, visual assessment of grout dispersion, bleeding, and initial setting time and as well as uniaxial compressive strengths and permeabilities of the hardened grout samples were tested. To evaluate the suitability of the grout mixes, an analysis of variance was used for factor analysis and Grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to determine the optimal grout mix design. Based on the GRA, the following levels of the factors afforded the best results: water level 1 (0.3%), SP level 3 (0.01%), methylbenzyl cellulose level 2 (0.002%), and slag level 3 (0.1%). This paper describes the research methodology, detailed research observations, and analyses involved in designing the appropriate concrete mix. Based on the conclusions, relevant commendations regarding the suitability of grout testing equipment and grout mix designs are presented. MDPI 2021-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8037925/ /pubmed/33805081 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071587 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Article
Baluch, Khaqan
Baluch, Sher Q
Yang, Hyung-Sik
Kim, Jung-Gyu
Kim, Jong-Gwan
Qaisrani, Saeed
Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations
title Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations
title_full Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations
title_fullStr Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations
title_full_unstemmed Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations
title_short Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations
title_sort non-dispersive anti-washout grout design based on geotechnical experimentation for application in subsidence-prone underwater karstic formations
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8037925/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805081
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071587
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