Cargando…
Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations
A new non-dispersive, anti-washout grout consisting of ordinary Portland cement, slag, superplasticizer, and methylbenzyl cellulose is proposed herein for the treatment of open karst, jointed and fractured rock, open-work gravel, and permeable sediments. A series of laboratory experiments were perfo...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8037925/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805081 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071587 |
_version_ | 1783677257171075072 |
---|---|
author | Baluch, Khaqan Baluch, Sher Q Yang, Hyung-Sik Kim, Jung-Gyu Kim, Jong-Gwan Qaisrani, Saeed |
author_facet | Baluch, Khaqan Baluch, Sher Q Yang, Hyung-Sik Kim, Jung-Gyu Kim, Jong-Gwan Qaisrani, Saeed |
author_sort | Baluch, Khaqan |
collection | PubMed |
description | A new non-dispersive, anti-washout grout consisting of ordinary Portland cement, slag, superplasticizer, and methylbenzyl cellulose is proposed herein for the treatment of open karst, jointed and fractured rock, open-work gravel, and permeable sediments. A series of laboratory experiments were performed to design an anti-wash out grout suitable for grout injection of coarse aggregates depicting partially and open-jointed saturated rock mass and grouting concrete aggregates for underwater construction. The Taguchi orthogonal array was used to obtain nine different grout mix ratios. A total of four variables were considered, each with three different levels of the water–cement ratio, slag, and dosage of additives such as the superplasticizer and methyl benzyl cellulose. The laboratory determination of grout characteristics recording of mini slump, temperature, pH, visual assessment of grout dispersion, bleeding, and initial setting time and as well as uniaxial compressive strengths and permeabilities of the hardened grout samples were tested. To evaluate the suitability of the grout mixes, an analysis of variance was used for factor analysis and Grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to determine the optimal grout mix design. Based on the GRA, the following levels of the factors afforded the best results: water level 1 (0.3%), SP level 3 (0.01%), methylbenzyl cellulose level 2 (0.002%), and slag level 3 (0.1%). This paper describes the research methodology, detailed research observations, and analyses involved in designing the appropriate concrete mix. Based on the conclusions, relevant commendations regarding the suitability of grout testing equipment and grout mix designs are presented. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8037925 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80379252021-04-12 Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations Baluch, Khaqan Baluch, Sher Q Yang, Hyung-Sik Kim, Jung-Gyu Kim, Jong-Gwan Qaisrani, Saeed Materials (Basel) Article A new non-dispersive, anti-washout grout consisting of ordinary Portland cement, slag, superplasticizer, and methylbenzyl cellulose is proposed herein for the treatment of open karst, jointed and fractured rock, open-work gravel, and permeable sediments. A series of laboratory experiments were performed to design an anti-wash out grout suitable for grout injection of coarse aggregates depicting partially and open-jointed saturated rock mass and grouting concrete aggregates for underwater construction. The Taguchi orthogonal array was used to obtain nine different grout mix ratios. A total of four variables were considered, each with three different levels of the water–cement ratio, slag, and dosage of additives such as the superplasticizer and methyl benzyl cellulose. The laboratory determination of grout characteristics recording of mini slump, temperature, pH, visual assessment of grout dispersion, bleeding, and initial setting time and as well as uniaxial compressive strengths and permeabilities of the hardened grout samples were tested. To evaluate the suitability of the grout mixes, an analysis of variance was used for factor analysis and Grey relational analysis (GRA) was used to determine the optimal grout mix design. Based on the GRA, the following levels of the factors afforded the best results: water level 1 (0.3%), SP level 3 (0.01%), methylbenzyl cellulose level 2 (0.002%), and slag level 3 (0.1%). This paper describes the research methodology, detailed research observations, and analyses involved in designing the appropriate concrete mix. Based on the conclusions, relevant commendations regarding the suitability of grout testing equipment and grout mix designs are presented. MDPI 2021-03-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8037925/ /pubmed/33805081 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071587 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Article Baluch, Khaqan Baluch, Sher Q Yang, Hyung-Sik Kim, Jung-Gyu Kim, Jong-Gwan Qaisrani, Saeed Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations |
title | Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations |
title_full | Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations |
title_fullStr | Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations |
title_full_unstemmed | Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations |
title_short | Non-Dispersive Anti-Washout Grout Design Based on Geotechnical Experimentation for Application in Subsidence-Prone Underwater Karstic Formations |
title_sort | non-dispersive anti-washout grout design based on geotechnical experimentation for application in subsidence-prone underwater karstic formations |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8037925/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33805081 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14071587 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT baluchkhaqan nondispersiveantiwashoutgroutdesignbasedongeotechnicalexperimentationforapplicationinsubsidenceproneunderwaterkarsticformations AT baluchsherq nondispersiveantiwashoutgroutdesignbasedongeotechnicalexperimentationforapplicationinsubsidenceproneunderwaterkarsticformations AT yanghyungsik nondispersiveantiwashoutgroutdesignbasedongeotechnicalexperimentationforapplicationinsubsidenceproneunderwaterkarsticformations AT kimjunggyu nondispersiveantiwashoutgroutdesignbasedongeotechnicalexperimentationforapplicationinsubsidenceproneunderwaterkarsticformations AT kimjonggwan nondispersiveantiwashoutgroutdesignbasedongeotechnicalexperimentationforapplicationinsubsidenceproneunderwaterkarsticformations AT qaisranisaeed nondispersiveantiwashoutgroutdesignbasedongeotechnicalexperimentationforapplicationinsubsidenceproneunderwaterkarsticformations |