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Drivers’ Attention Strategies before Eyes-off-Road in Different Traffic Scenarios: Adaptation and Anticipation
The distribution of drivers’ visual attention prior to diverting focus from the driving task is critical for safety. The object of this study is to investigate drivers’ attention strategy before they occlude their vision for different durations under different driving scenarios. A total of 3 (scenar...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038146/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918239 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073716 |
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author | Liu, Zhuofan Yuan, Wei Ma, Yong |
author_facet | Liu, Zhuofan Yuan, Wei Ma, Yong |
author_sort | Liu, Zhuofan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The distribution of drivers’ visual attention prior to diverting focus from the driving task is critical for safety. The object of this study is to investigate drivers’ attention strategy before they occlude their vision for different durations under different driving scenarios. A total of 3 (scenarios) × 3 (durations) within-subjects design was applied. Twenty-three participants completed three durations of occlusion (0, 1, and 2 s) test drive in a motion-based driving simulator under three scenarios (urban, rural, motorway). Drivers’ occlusion behaviour, driving behaviour, and visual behaviour in 6 s before occlusion was analyzed and compared. The results showed that drivers tended to slow down and increased their attention on driving task to keep safety in occlusion 2 s condition. The distribution of attention differed among different driving scenarios and occlusion durations. More attention was directed to Forward position and Speedometer in occlusion conditions, and a strong shift in attention from Forward position to Road users and Speedometer was found in occlusion 2 s condition. Road users was glanced more frequently in urban road with a higher percentage of attention transitions from Forward position to Road users. While gaze switching to Speedometer with a higher intensity was found on motorway. It suggests that drivers could adapt their visual attention to driving demand and anticipate the development of upcoming situations by sampling enough driving-related information before eyes-off-road. Moreover, the adaptation and anticipation are in accordance with driving situation and expected eyes-off-road duration. Better knowledge about attentional strategies before attention away from road contributes to more efficient and safe interaction with additional tasks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8038146 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80381462021-04-12 Drivers’ Attention Strategies before Eyes-off-Road in Different Traffic Scenarios: Adaptation and Anticipation Liu, Zhuofan Yuan, Wei Ma, Yong Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The distribution of drivers’ visual attention prior to diverting focus from the driving task is critical for safety. The object of this study is to investigate drivers’ attention strategy before they occlude their vision for different durations under different driving scenarios. A total of 3 (scenarios) × 3 (durations) within-subjects design was applied. Twenty-three participants completed three durations of occlusion (0, 1, and 2 s) test drive in a motion-based driving simulator under three scenarios (urban, rural, motorway). Drivers’ occlusion behaviour, driving behaviour, and visual behaviour in 6 s before occlusion was analyzed and compared. The results showed that drivers tended to slow down and increased their attention on driving task to keep safety in occlusion 2 s condition. The distribution of attention differed among different driving scenarios and occlusion durations. More attention was directed to Forward position and Speedometer in occlusion conditions, and a strong shift in attention from Forward position to Road users and Speedometer was found in occlusion 2 s condition. Road users was glanced more frequently in urban road with a higher percentage of attention transitions from Forward position to Road users. While gaze switching to Speedometer with a higher intensity was found on motorway. It suggests that drivers could adapt their visual attention to driving demand and anticipate the development of upcoming situations by sampling enough driving-related information before eyes-off-road. Moreover, the adaptation and anticipation are in accordance with driving situation and expected eyes-off-road duration. Better knowledge about attentional strategies before attention away from road contributes to more efficient and safe interaction with additional tasks. MDPI 2021-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8038146/ /pubmed/33918239 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073716 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Zhuofan Yuan, Wei Ma, Yong Drivers’ Attention Strategies before Eyes-off-Road in Different Traffic Scenarios: Adaptation and Anticipation |
title | Drivers’ Attention Strategies before Eyes-off-Road in Different Traffic Scenarios: Adaptation and Anticipation |
title_full | Drivers’ Attention Strategies before Eyes-off-Road in Different Traffic Scenarios: Adaptation and Anticipation |
title_fullStr | Drivers’ Attention Strategies before Eyes-off-Road in Different Traffic Scenarios: Adaptation and Anticipation |
title_full_unstemmed | Drivers’ Attention Strategies before Eyes-off-Road in Different Traffic Scenarios: Adaptation and Anticipation |
title_short | Drivers’ Attention Strategies before Eyes-off-Road in Different Traffic Scenarios: Adaptation and Anticipation |
title_sort | drivers’ attention strategies before eyes-off-road in different traffic scenarios: adaptation and anticipation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038146/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918239 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073716 |
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