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The Effects of Muscle Cell Aging on Myogenesis
The process of myogenesis gradually deteriorates as the skeletal muscle ages, contributing to muscle mass loss. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of senescence/aging on skeletal myogenesis, in vitro. A model of multiple cell divisions of C2C12 myoblasts was used to replicate cell se...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038215/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073721 |
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author | Moustogiannis, Athanasios Philippou, Anastassios Taso, Orjona Zevolis, Evangelos Pappa, Maria Chatzigeorgiou, Antonios Koutsilieris, Michael |
author_facet | Moustogiannis, Athanasios Philippou, Anastassios Taso, Orjona Zevolis, Evangelos Pappa, Maria Chatzigeorgiou, Antonios Koutsilieris, Michael |
author_sort | Moustogiannis, Athanasios |
collection | PubMed |
description | The process of myogenesis gradually deteriorates as the skeletal muscle ages, contributing to muscle mass loss. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of senescence/aging on skeletal myogenesis, in vitro. A model of multiple cell divisions of C2C12 myoblasts was used to replicate cell senescence. Control and aged myoblasts were investigated during myogenesis, i.e., at days 0, 2, and 6of differentiation. SA-β-gal activity and comet assay were used as markers of aging and DNA damage. Flow cytometry was performed to characterize potential differences in cell cycle between control and aged cells. Alterations in the mRNA and/or protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), IGF-1 isoforms, apoptotic, atrophy, inflammatory, metabolic and aging-related factors were evaluated. Compared with the control cells, aged myoblasts exhibited G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, increased SA-β-gal activity, and increased expression of aging-related factors p16 and p21 during differentiation. Moreover, aged myoblasts showed a reduction in the expression of MRFs and metabolic/anabolic factors, along with an increased expression of apoptotic, atrophy and inflammatory factors. A diminished differentiation capacity characterized the aged myoblasts which, in combination with the induction of apoptotic and atrophy factors, indicated a disrupted myogenic lineage in the senescent muscle cells. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8038215 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80382152021-04-12 The Effects of Muscle Cell Aging on Myogenesis Moustogiannis, Athanasios Philippou, Anastassios Taso, Orjona Zevolis, Evangelos Pappa, Maria Chatzigeorgiou, Antonios Koutsilieris, Michael Int J Mol Sci Article The process of myogenesis gradually deteriorates as the skeletal muscle ages, contributing to muscle mass loss. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of senescence/aging on skeletal myogenesis, in vitro. A model of multiple cell divisions of C2C12 myoblasts was used to replicate cell senescence. Control and aged myoblasts were investigated during myogenesis, i.e., at days 0, 2, and 6of differentiation. SA-β-gal activity and comet assay were used as markers of aging and DNA damage. Flow cytometry was performed to characterize potential differences in cell cycle between control and aged cells. Alterations in the mRNA and/or protein expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs), IGF-1 isoforms, apoptotic, atrophy, inflammatory, metabolic and aging-related factors were evaluated. Compared with the control cells, aged myoblasts exhibited G0/G1 cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, increased SA-β-gal activity, and increased expression of aging-related factors p16 and p21 during differentiation. Moreover, aged myoblasts showed a reduction in the expression of MRFs and metabolic/anabolic factors, along with an increased expression of apoptotic, atrophy and inflammatory factors. A diminished differentiation capacity characterized the aged myoblasts which, in combination with the induction of apoptotic and atrophy factors, indicated a disrupted myogenic lineage in the senescent muscle cells. MDPI 2021-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8038215/ /pubmed/33918414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073721 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Moustogiannis, Athanasios Philippou, Anastassios Taso, Orjona Zevolis, Evangelos Pappa, Maria Chatzigeorgiou, Antonios Koutsilieris, Michael The Effects of Muscle Cell Aging on Myogenesis |
title | The Effects of Muscle Cell Aging on Myogenesis |
title_full | The Effects of Muscle Cell Aging on Myogenesis |
title_fullStr | The Effects of Muscle Cell Aging on Myogenesis |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Muscle Cell Aging on Myogenesis |
title_short | The Effects of Muscle Cell Aging on Myogenesis |
title_sort | effects of muscle cell aging on myogenesis |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038215/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918414 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073721 |
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