Cargando…

Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation

The available tooth whitening products in the market contain high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as an active ingredient. Therefore, in order to curb the high H(2)O(2) concentration and instability of liquid H(2)O(2), this study evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of the bleachin...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Thacker, Minal, Chen, Yi-Ning, Lin, Chun-Pin, Lin, Feng-Huei
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038621/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33916642
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073759
_version_ 1783677417853812736
author Thacker, Minal
Chen, Yi-Ning
Lin, Chun-Pin
Lin, Feng-Huei
author_facet Thacker, Minal
Chen, Yi-Ning
Lin, Chun-Pin
Lin, Feng-Huei
author_sort Thacker, Minal
collection PubMed
description The available tooth whitening products in the market contain high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as an active ingredient. Therefore, in order to curb the high H(2)O(2) concentration and instability of liquid H(2)O(2), this study evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of the bleaching gel composed of 10% calcium peroxide (CaO(2)) and visible-light-activating nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO(2)) with methyl cellulose as a thickener. Extracted bovine teeth were discolored using coffee and black tea stain solution and were divided into two groups (n = 6). Bleaching was performed thrice on each tooth specimen in both the groups, with one minute of visible light irradiation during each bleaching time. The CIELAB L*a*b* values were measured pre- and post-bleaching. The N-TiO(2) calcinated at 350 °C demonstrated a shift towards the visible light region by narrowing the band gap energy from 3.23 eV to 2.85 eV. The brightness (ΔL) and color difference (ΔE) increased as bleaching progressed each time in both the groups. ANOVA results showed that the number of bleaching significantly affected ΔE (p < 0.05). The formulated bleaching gel exhibits good biocompatibility and non-toxicity upon exposure to 3T3 cells. Our findings showed that CaO(2)-based bleaching gel at neutral pH could be a stable, safe, and effective substitute for tooth whitening products currently available in the market.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8038621
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-80386212021-04-12 Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation Thacker, Minal Chen, Yi-Ning Lin, Chun-Pin Lin, Feng-Huei Int J Mol Sci Article The available tooth whitening products in the market contain high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as an active ingredient. Therefore, in order to curb the high H(2)O(2) concentration and instability of liquid H(2)O(2), this study evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of the bleaching gel composed of 10% calcium peroxide (CaO(2)) and visible-light-activating nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO(2)) with methyl cellulose as a thickener. Extracted bovine teeth were discolored using coffee and black tea stain solution and were divided into two groups (n = 6). Bleaching was performed thrice on each tooth specimen in both the groups, with one minute of visible light irradiation during each bleaching time. The CIELAB L*a*b* values were measured pre- and post-bleaching. The N-TiO(2) calcinated at 350 °C demonstrated a shift towards the visible light region by narrowing the band gap energy from 3.23 eV to 2.85 eV. The brightness (ΔL) and color difference (ΔE) increased as bleaching progressed each time in both the groups. ANOVA results showed that the number of bleaching significantly affected ΔE (p < 0.05). The formulated bleaching gel exhibits good biocompatibility and non-toxicity upon exposure to 3T3 cells. Our findings showed that CaO(2)-based bleaching gel at neutral pH could be a stable, safe, and effective substitute for tooth whitening products currently available in the market. MDPI 2021-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8038621/ /pubmed/33916642 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073759 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Thacker, Minal
Chen, Yi-Ning
Lin, Chun-Pin
Lin, Feng-Huei
Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation
title Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation
title_full Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation
title_fullStr Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation
title_full_unstemmed Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation
title_short Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation
title_sort nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide mixed with calcium peroxide and methylcellulose for dental bleaching under visible light activation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038621/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33916642
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073759
work_keys_str_mv AT thackerminal nitrogendopedtitaniumdioxidemixedwithcalciumperoxideandmethylcellulosefordentalbleachingundervisiblelightactivation
AT chenyining nitrogendopedtitaniumdioxidemixedwithcalciumperoxideandmethylcellulosefordentalbleachingundervisiblelightactivation
AT linchunpin nitrogendopedtitaniumdioxidemixedwithcalciumperoxideandmethylcellulosefordentalbleachingundervisiblelightactivation
AT linfenghuei nitrogendopedtitaniumdioxidemixedwithcalciumperoxideandmethylcellulosefordentalbleachingundervisiblelightactivation