Cargando…
Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation
The available tooth whitening products in the market contain high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as an active ingredient. Therefore, in order to curb the high H(2)O(2) concentration and instability of liquid H(2)O(2), this study evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of the bleachin...
Autores principales: | , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33916642 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073759 |
_version_ | 1783677417853812736 |
---|---|
author | Thacker, Minal Chen, Yi-Ning Lin, Chun-Pin Lin, Feng-Huei |
author_facet | Thacker, Minal Chen, Yi-Ning Lin, Chun-Pin Lin, Feng-Huei |
author_sort | Thacker, Minal |
collection | PubMed |
description | The available tooth whitening products in the market contain high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as an active ingredient. Therefore, in order to curb the high H(2)O(2) concentration and instability of liquid H(2)O(2), this study evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of the bleaching gel composed of 10% calcium peroxide (CaO(2)) and visible-light-activating nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO(2)) with methyl cellulose as a thickener. Extracted bovine teeth were discolored using coffee and black tea stain solution and were divided into two groups (n = 6). Bleaching was performed thrice on each tooth specimen in both the groups, with one minute of visible light irradiation during each bleaching time. The CIELAB L*a*b* values were measured pre- and post-bleaching. The N-TiO(2) calcinated at 350 °C demonstrated a shift towards the visible light region by narrowing the band gap energy from 3.23 eV to 2.85 eV. The brightness (ΔL) and color difference (ΔE) increased as bleaching progressed each time in both the groups. ANOVA results showed that the number of bleaching significantly affected ΔE (p < 0.05). The formulated bleaching gel exhibits good biocompatibility and non-toxicity upon exposure to 3T3 cells. Our findings showed that CaO(2)-based bleaching gel at neutral pH could be a stable, safe, and effective substitute for tooth whitening products currently available in the market. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8038621 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80386212021-04-12 Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation Thacker, Minal Chen, Yi-Ning Lin, Chun-Pin Lin, Feng-Huei Int J Mol Sci Article The available tooth whitening products in the market contain high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as an active ingredient. Therefore, in order to curb the high H(2)O(2) concentration and instability of liquid H(2)O(2), this study evaluated the efficacy and cytotoxicity of the bleaching gel composed of 10% calcium peroxide (CaO(2)) and visible-light-activating nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide (N-TiO(2)) with methyl cellulose as a thickener. Extracted bovine teeth were discolored using coffee and black tea stain solution and were divided into two groups (n = 6). Bleaching was performed thrice on each tooth specimen in both the groups, with one minute of visible light irradiation during each bleaching time. The CIELAB L*a*b* values were measured pre- and post-bleaching. The N-TiO(2) calcinated at 350 °C demonstrated a shift towards the visible light region by narrowing the band gap energy from 3.23 eV to 2.85 eV. The brightness (ΔL) and color difference (ΔE) increased as bleaching progressed each time in both the groups. ANOVA results showed that the number of bleaching significantly affected ΔE (p < 0.05). The formulated bleaching gel exhibits good biocompatibility and non-toxicity upon exposure to 3T3 cells. Our findings showed that CaO(2)-based bleaching gel at neutral pH could be a stable, safe, and effective substitute for tooth whitening products currently available in the market. MDPI 2021-04-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8038621/ /pubmed/33916642 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073759 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Thacker, Minal Chen, Yi-Ning Lin, Chun-Pin Lin, Feng-Huei Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation |
title | Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation |
title_full | Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation |
title_fullStr | Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation |
title_full_unstemmed | Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation |
title_short | Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Mixed with Calcium Peroxide and Methylcellulose for Dental Bleaching under Visible Light Activation |
title_sort | nitrogen-doped titanium dioxide mixed with calcium peroxide and methylcellulose for dental bleaching under visible light activation |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33916642 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073759 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT thackerminal nitrogendopedtitaniumdioxidemixedwithcalciumperoxideandmethylcellulosefordentalbleachingundervisiblelightactivation AT chenyining nitrogendopedtitaniumdioxidemixedwithcalciumperoxideandmethylcellulosefordentalbleachingundervisiblelightactivation AT linchunpin nitrogendopedtitaniumdioxidemixedwithcalciumperoxideandmethylcellulosefordentalbleachingundervisiblelightactivation AT linfenghuei nitrogendopedtitaniumdioxidemixedwithcalciumperoxideandmethylcellulosefordentalbleachingundervisiblelightactivation |