Cargando…

Mechanical Testing and Modeling of the Time–Temperature Superposition Response in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composites

The purpose of this study was to manufacture hybrid composites from fabrics with superior ballistic performance, and to analyze their viscoelastic and mechanical response. Therefore, composites in hybrid lay-up modes were manufactured from Vectran, Kevlar and aluminum fiber-woven fabrics through a v...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Koutsomichalis, Aggelos, Kalampoukas, Thomas, Mouzakis, Dionysios E.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038860/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917628
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071178
_version_ 1783677473335017472
author Koutsomichalis, Aggelos
Kalampoukas, Thomas
Mouzakis, Dionysios E.
author_facet Koutsomichalis, Aggelos
Kalampoukas, Thomas
Mouzakis, Dionysios E.
author_sort Koutsomichalis, Aggelos
collection PubMed
description The purpose of this study was to manufacture hybrid composites from fabrics with superior ballistic performance, and to analyze their viscoelastic and mechanical response. Therefore, composites in hybrid lay-up modes were manufactured from Vectran, Kevlar and aluminum fiber-woven fabrics through a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. The specimens were consequently analyzed using static three-point bending, as well as by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Apart from DMA, time–temperature superposition (TTS) analysis was performed by all available models. It was possible to study the intrinsic viscoelastic behavior of hybrid ballistic laminates, with TTS analysis gained from creep testing. A polynomic mathematical function was proposed to provide a high accuracy for TTS curves, when shifting out of the linearity regimes is required. The usual Williams–Landel–Ferry and Arrhenius models proved not useful in order to describe and model the shift factors of the acquired curves. In terms of static results, the highly nonlinear stress–strain curve of both composites was obvious, whereas the differential mechanism of failure in relation to stress absorption, at each stage of deformation, was studied. SEM fractography revealed that hybrid specimens with Kevlar plies are prone to tensile side failure, whereas the hybrid specimens with Vectran plies exhibited high performance on the tensile side of the specimens in three-point bending, leading to compressive failure owing to the high stress retained at higher strains after the maximum bending strength was reached.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8038860
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-80388602021-04-12 Mechanical Testing and Modeling of the Time–Temperature Superposition Response in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composites Koutsomichalis, Aggelos Kalampoukas, Thomas Mouzakis, Dionysios E. Polymers (Basel) Article The purpose of this study was to manufacture hybrid composites from fabrics with superior ballistic performance, and to analyze their viscoelastic and mechanical response. Therefore, composites in hybrid lay-up modes were manufactured from Vectran, Kevlar and aluminum fiber-woven fabrics through a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding. The specimens were consequently analyzed using static three-point bending, as well as by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Apart from DMA, time–temperature superposition (TTS) analysis was performed by all available models. It was possible to study the intrinsic viscoelastic behavior of hybrid ballistic laminates, with TTS analysis gained from creep testing. A polynomic mathematical function was proposed to provide a high accuracy for TTS curves, when shifting out of the linearity regimes is required. The usual Williams–Landel–Ferry and Arrhenius models proved not useful in order to describe and model the shift factors of the acquired curves. In terms of static results, the highly nonlinear stress–strain curve of both composites was obvious, whereas the differential mechanism of failure in relation to stress absorption, at each stage of deformation, was studied. SEM fractography revealed that hybrid specimens with Kevlar plies are prone to tensile side failure, whereas the hybrid specimens with Vectran plies exhibited high performance on the tensile side of the specimens in three-point bending, leading to compressive failure owing to the high stress retained at higher strains after the maximum bending strength was reached. MDPI 2021-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8038860/ /pubmed/33917628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071178 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Koutsomichalis, Aggelos
Kalampoukas, Thomas
Mouzakis, Dionysios E.
Mechanical Testing and Modeling of the Time–Temperature Superposition Response in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composites
title Mechanical Testing and Modeling of the Time–Temperature Superposition Response in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composites
title_full Mechanical Testing and Modeling of the Time–Temperature Superposition Response in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composites
title_fullStr Mechanical Testing and Modeling of the Time–Temperature Superposition Response in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composites
title_full_unstemmed Mechanical Testing and Modeling of the Time–Temperature Superposition Response in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composites
title_short Mechanical Testing and Modeling of the Time–Temperature Superposition Response in Hybrid Fiber Reinforced Composites
title_sort mechanical testing and modeling of the time–temperature superposition response in hybrid fiber reinforced composites
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8038860/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33917628
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071178
work_keys_str_mv AT koutsomichalisaggelos mechanicaltestingandmodelingofthetimetemperaturesuperpositionresponseinhybridfiberreinforcedcomposites
AT kalampoukasthomas mechanicaltestingandmodelingofthetimetemperaturesuperpositionresponseinhybridfiberreinforcedcomposites
AT mouzakisdionysiose mechanicaltestingandmodelingofthetimetemperaturesuperpositionresponseinhybridfiberreinforcedcomposites