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One Month of Classic Therapeutic Ketogenic Diet Decreases Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in Epileptic Patients

Ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat and very low carbohydrates diet, is used worldwide for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy but, due to its composition, it might exert an impact on gut health. Even though data of KD effects on intestinal microbiota changes are recently emerging, its influence on...

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Autores principales: Ferraris, Cinzia, Meroni, Erika, Casiraghi, Maria Cristina, Tagliabue, Anna, De Giorgis, Valentina, Erba, Daniela
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8039123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33855040
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.613100
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author Ferraris, Cinzia
Meroni, Erika
Casiraghi, Maria Cristina
Tagliabue, Anna
De Giorgis, Valentina
Erba, Daniela
author_facet Ferraris, Cinzia
Meroni, Erika
Casiraghi, Maria Cristina
Tagliabue, Anna
De Giorgis, Valentina
Erba, Daniela
author_sort Ferraris, Cinzia
collection PubMed
description Ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat and very low carbohydrates diet, is used worldwide for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy but, due to its composition, it might exert an impact on gut health. Even though data of KD effects on intestinal microbiota changes are recently emerging, its influence on the gut environment has been scarcely addressed so far. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1 month of KD affects the gut environment in epileptic patients, by analyzing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and fecal water toxicity. A total of seven patients were enrolled. Stool samples were collected before (T0) and after 1 month of KD (4:1 ketogenic ratio) (T1). SCFA were determined by GC-FID and fecal water toxicity in Caco-2 cell culture by comet assay. Concentrations of SCFA significantly decreased after KD (p < 0.05): in particular, we found a 55% reduction of total SCFA level, a 64% reduction of acetate, 33% of propionate, and 20% of butyrate (p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity of fecal water extracted from stool samples was not significantly altered by diet, while genotoxicity was slightly decreased after KD (p < 0.05). Genotoxicity values were consistent with data previously obtained from a healthy Italian population. The present study suggests that 1 month of KD significantly reduce SCFA production. Since SCFA produced by gut microbiota exert many health promoting effects on either the gut environment or human metabolism, these results open a new branch of investigation into KD effects.
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spelling pubmed-80391232021-04-13 One Month of Classic Therapeutic Ketogenic Diet Decreases Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in Epileptic Patients Ferraris, Cinzia Meroni, Erika Casiraghi, Maria Cristina Tagliabue, Anna De Giorgis, Valentina Erba, Daniela Front Nutr Nutrition Ketogenic diet (KD), a high fat and very low carbohydrates diet, is used worldwide for the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy but, due to its composition, it might exert an impact on gut health. Even though data of KD effects on intestinal microbiota changes are recently emerging, its influence on the gut environment has been scarcely addressed so far. The aim of this study was to investigate whether 1 month of KD affects the gut environment in epileptic patients, by analyzing short chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and fecal water toxicity. A total of seven patients were enrolled. Stool samples were collected before (T0) and after 1 month of KD (4:1 ketogenic ratio) (T1). SCFA were determined by GC-FID and fecal water toxicity in Caco-2 cell culture by comet assay. Concentrations of SCFA significantly decreased after KD (p < 0.05): in particular, we found a 55% reduction of total SCFA level, a 64% reduction of acetate, 33% of propionate, and 20% of butyrate (p < 0.05). Cytotoxicity of fecal water extracted from stool samples was not significantly altered by diet, while genotoxicity was slightly decreased after KD (p < 0.05). Genotoxicity values were consistent with data previously obtained from a healthy Italian population. The present study suggests that 1 month of KD significantly reduce SCFA production. Since SCFA produced by gut microbiota exert many health promoting effects on either the gut environment or human metabolism, these results open a new branch of investigation into KD effects. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8039123/ /pubmed/33855040 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.613100 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ferraris, Meroni, Casiraghi, Tagliabue, De Giorgis and Erba. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Ferraris, Cinzia
Meroni, Erika
Casiraghi, Maria Cristina
Tagliabue, Anna
De Giorgis, Valentina
Erba, Daniela
One Month of Classic Therapeutic Ketogenic Diet Decreases Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in Epileptic Patients
title One Month of Classic Therapeutic Ketogenic Diet Decreases Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in Epileptic Patients
title_full One Month of Classic Therapeutic Ketogenic Diet Decreases Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in Epileptic Patients
title_fullStr One Month of Classic Therapeutic Ketogenic Diet Decreases Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in Epileptic Patients
title_full_unstemmed One Month of Classic Therapeutic Ketogenic Diet Decreases Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in Epileptic Patients
title_short One Month of Classic Therapeutic Ketogenic Diet Decreases Short Chain Fatty Acids Production in Epileptic Patients
title_sort one month of classic therapeutic ketogenic diet decreases short chain fatty acids production in epileptic patients
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8039123/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33855040
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.613100
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