Cargando…

What Does Social Support Sound Like? Challenges and Opportunities for Using Passive Episodic Audio Collection to Assess the Social Environment

Background: The social environment, comprised of social support, social burden, and quality of interactions, influences a range of health outcomes, including mental health. Passive audio data collection on mobile phones (e.g., episodic recording of the auditory environment without requiring any acti...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Poudyal, Anubhuti, van Heerden, Alastair, Hagaman, Ashley, Islam, Celia, Thapa, Ada, Maharjan, Sujen Man, Byanjankar, Prabin, Kohrt, Brandon A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8039317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33855008
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.633606
_version_ 1783677563136114688
author Poudyal, Anubhuti
van Heerden, Alastair
Hagaman, Ashley
Islam, Celia
Thapa, Ada
Maharjan, Sujen Man
Byanjankar, Prabin
Kohrt, Brandon A.
author_facet Poudyal, Anubhuti
van Heerden, Alastair
Hagaman, Ashley
Islam, Celia
Thapa, Ada
Maharjan, Sujen Man
Byanjankar, Prabin
Kohrt, Brandon A.
author_sort Poudyal, Anubhuti
collection PubMed
description Background: The social environment, comprised of social support, social burden, and quality of interactions, influences a range of health outcomes, including mental health. Passive audio data collection on mobile phones (e.g., episodic recording of the auditory environment without requiring any active input from the phone user) enables new opportunities to understand the social environment. We evaluated the use of passive audio collection on mobile phones as a window into the social environment while conducting a study of mental health among adolescent and young mothers in Nepal. Methods: We enrolled 23 adolescent and young mothers who first participated in qualitative interviews to describe their social support and identify sounds potentially associated with that support. Then, episodic recordings were collected for 2 weeks from the mothers using an app to record 30 s of audio every 15 min from 4 A.M. to 9 P.M. Audio data were processed and classified using a pretrained model. Each classification category was accompanied by an estimated accuracy score. Manual validation of the machine-predicted speech and non-speech categories was done for accuracy. Results: In qualitative interviews, mothers described a range of positive and negative social interactions and the sounds that accompanied these. Potential positive sounds included adult speech and laughter, infant babbling and laughter, and sounds from baby toys. Sounds characterizing negative stimuli included yelling, crying, screaming by adults and crying by infants. Sounds associated with social isolation included silence and TV or radio noises. Speech comprised 43% of all passively recorded audio clips (n = 7,725). Manual validation showed a 23% false positive rate and 62% false-negative rate for speech, demonstrating potential underestimation of speech exposure. Other common sounds were music and vehicular noises. Conclusions: Passively capturing audio has the potential to improve understanding of the social environment. However, a pre-trained model had the limited accuracy for identifying speech and lacked categories allowing distinction between positive and negative social interactions. To improve the contribution of passive audio collection to understanding the social environment, future work should improve the accuracy of audio categorization, code for constellations of sounds, and combine audio with other smartphone data collection such as location and activity.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8039317
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-80393172021-04-13 What Does Social Support Sound Like? Challenges and Opportunities for Using Passive Episodic Audio Collection to Assess the Social Environment Poudyal, Anubhuti van Heerden, Alastair Hagaman, Ashley Islam, Celia Thapa, Ada Maharjan, Sujen Man Byanjankar, Prabin Kohrt, Brandon A. Front Public Health Public Health Background: The social environment, comprised of social support, social burden, and quality of interactions, influences a range of health outcomes, including mental health. Passive audio data collection on mobile phones (e.g., episodic recording of the auditory environment without requiring any active input from the phone user) enables new opportunities to understand the social environment. We evaluated the use of passive audio collection on mobile phones as a window into the social environment while conducting a study of mental health among adolescent and young mothers in Nepal. Methods: We enrolled 23 adolescent and young mothers who first participated in qualitative interviews to describe their social support and identify sounds potentially associated with that support. Then, episodic recordings were collected for 2 weeks from the mothers using an app to record 30 s of audio every 15 min from 4 A.M. to 9 P.M. Audio data were processed and classified using a pretrained model. Each classification category was accompanied by an estimated accuracy score. Manual validation of the machine-predicted speech and non-speech categories was done for accuracy. Results: In qualitative interviews, mothers described a range of positive and negative social interactions and the sounds that accompanied these. Potential positive sounds included adult speech and laughter, infant babbling and laughter, and sounds from baby toys. Sounds characterizing negative stimuli included yelling, crying, screaming by adults and crying by infants. Sounds associated with social isolation included silence and TV or radio noises. Speech comprised 43% of all passively recorded audio clips (n = 7,725). Manual validation showed a 23% false positive rate and 62% false-negative rate for speech, demonstrating potential underestimation of speech exposure. Other common sounds were music and vehicular noises. Conclusions: Passively capturing audio has the potential to improve understanding of the social environment. However, a pre-trained model had the limited accuracy for identifying speech and lacked categories allowing distinction between positive and negative social interactions. To improve the contribution of passive audio collection to understanding the social environment, future work should improve the accuracy of audio categorization, code for constellations of sounds, and combine audio with other smartphone data collection such as location and activity. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8039317/ /pubmed/33855008 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.633606 Text en Copyright © 2021 Poudyal, van Heerden, Hagaman, Islam, Thapa, Maharjan, Byanjankar and Kohrt. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health
Poudyal, Anubhuti
van Heerden, Alastair
Hagaman, Ashley
Islam, Celia
Thapa, Ada
Maharjan, Sujen Man
Byanjankar, Prabin
Kohrt, Brandon A.
What Does Social Support Sound Like? Challenges and Opportunities for Using Passive Episodic Audio Collection to Assess the Social Environment
title What Does Social Support Sound Like? Challenges and Opportunities for Using Passive Episodic Audio Collection to Assess the Social Environment
title_full What Does Social Support Sound Like? Challenges and Opportunities for Using Passive Episodic Audio Collection to Assess the Social Environment
title_fullStr What Does Social Support Sound Like? Challenges and Opportunities for Using Passive Episodic Audio Collection to Assess the Social Environment
title_full_unstemmed What Does Social Support Sound Like? Challenges and Opportunities for Using Passive Episodic Audio Collection to Assess the Social Environment
title_short What Does Social Support Sound Like? Challenges and Opportunities for Using Passive Episodic Audio Collection to Assess the Social Environment
title_sort what does social support sound like? challenges and opportunities for using passive episodic audio collection to assess the social environment
topic Public Health
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8039317/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33855008
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.633606
work_keys_str_mv AT poudyalanubhuti whatdoessocialsupportsoundlikechallengesandopportunitiesforusingpassiveepisodicaudiocollectiontoassessthesocialenvironment
AT vanheerdenalastair whatdoessocialsupportsoundlikechallengesandopportunitiesforusingpassiveepisodicaudiocollectiontoassessthesocialenvironment
AT hagamanashley whatdoessocialsupportsoundlikechallengesandopportunitiesforusingpassiveepisodicaudiocollectiontoassessthesocialenvironment
AT islamcelia whatdoessocialsupportsoundlikechallengesandopportunitiesforusingpassiveepisodicaudiocollectiontoassessthesocialenvironment
AT thapaada whatdoessocialsupportsoundlikechallengesandopportunitiesforusingpassiveepisodicaudiocollectiontoassessthesocialenvironment
AT maharjansujenman whatdoessocialsupportsoundlikechallengesandopportunitiesforusingpassiveepisodicaudiocollectiontoassessthesocialenvironment
AT byanjankarprabin whatdoessocialsupportsoundlikechallengesandopportunitiesforusingpassiveepisodicaudiocollectiontoassessthesocialenvironment
AT kohrtbrandona whatdoessocialsupportsoundlikechallengesandopportunitiesforusingpassiveepisodicaudiocollectiontoassessthesocialenvironment