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Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming
The attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the hallmark of structure–function stability and well-being. ECM detachment in localized tumors precedes abnormal dissemination of tumor cells culminating in metastasis. Programmed cell death (PCD) is activated during tumorigenesis to clea...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8039382/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33854965 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.626577 |
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author | Adeshakin, Funmilayo O. Adeshakin, Adeleye O. Afolabi, Lukman O. Yan, Dehong Zhang, Guizhong Wan, Xiaochun |
author_facet | Adeshakin, Funmilayo O. Adeshakin, Adeleye O. Afolabi, Lukman O. Yan, Dehong Zhang, Guizhong Wan, Xiaochun |
author_sort | Adeshakin, Funmilayo O. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the hallmark of structure–function stability and well-being. ECM detachment in localized tumors precedes abnormal dissemination of tumor cells culminating in metastasis. Programmed cell death (PCD) is activated during tumorigenesis to clear off ECM-detached cells through “anoikis.” However, cancer cells develop several mechanisms for abrogating anoikis, thus promoting their invasiveness and metastasis. Specific factors, such as growth proteins, pH, transcriptional signaling pathways, and oxidative stress, have been reported as drivers of anoikis resistance, thus enhancing cancer proliferation and metastasis. Recent studies highlighted the key contributions of metabolic pathways, enabling the cells to bypass anoikis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving anoikis resistance could help to counteract tumor progression and prevent metastasis. This review elucidates the dynamics employed by cancer cells to impede anoikis, thus promoting proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, the authors have discussed other metabolic intermediates (especially amino acids and nucleotides) that are less explored, which could be crucial for anoikis resistance and metastasis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8039382 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80393822021-04-13 Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming Adeshakin, Funmilayo O. Adeshakin, Adeleye O. Afolabi, Lukman O. Yan, Dehong Zhang, Guizhong Wan, Xiaochun Front Oncol Oncology The attachment of cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is the hallmark of structure–function stability and well-being. ECM detachment in localized tumors precedes abnormal dissemination of tumor cells culminating in metastasis. Programmed cell death (PCD) is activated during tumorigenesis to clear off ECM-detached cells through “anoikis.” However, cancer cells develop several mechanisms for abrogating anoikis, thus promoting their invasiveness and metastasis. Specific factors, such as growth proteins, pH, transcriptional signaling pathways, and oxidative stress, have been reported as drivers of anoikis resistance, thus enhancing cancer proliferation and metastasis. Recent studies highlighted the key contributions of metabolic pathways, enabling the cells to bypass anoikis. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms driving anoikis resistance could help to counteract tumor progression and prevent metastasis. This review elucidates the dynamics employed by cancer cells to impede anoikis, thus promoting proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. In addition, the authors have discussed other metabolic intermediates (especially amino acids and nucleotides) that are less explored, which could be crucial for anoikis resistance and metastasis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8039382/ /pubmed/33854965 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.626577 Text en Copyright © 2021 Adeshakin, Adeshakin, Afolabi, Yan, Zhang and Wan. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Oncology Adeshakin, Funmilayo O. Adeshakin, Adeleye O. Afolabi, Lukman O. Yan, Dehong Zhang, Guizhong Wan, Xiaochun Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming |
title | Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming |
title_full | Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming |
title_fullStr | Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming |
title_full_unstemmed | Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming |
title_short | Mechanisms for Modulating Anoikis Resistance in Cancer and the Relevance of Metabolic Reprogramming |
title_sort | mechanisms for modulating anoikis resistance in cancer and the relevance of metabolic reprogramming |
topic | Oncology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8039382/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33854965 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2021.626577 |
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