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A narrative review of individualized treatments of genitourinary tumors: is the future brighter with molecular evaluations?

Few molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers have been identified so far in genitourinary tumors. We started from a literature search to explore the status of the art of molecular pathology tests as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive biomarkers in genitourinary cancers. Next generation sequenc...

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Autores principales: Giunchi, Francesca, Franceschini, Tania, Fiorentino, Michelangelo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: AME Publishing Company 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8039592/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33850789
http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tau-20-1185
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author Giunchi, Francesca
Franceschini, Tania
Fiorentino, Michelangelo
author_facet Giunchi, Francesca
Franceschini, Tania
Fiorentino, Michelangelo
author_sort Giunchi, Francesca
collection PubMed
description Few molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers have been identified so far in genitourinary tumors. We started from a literature search to explore the status of the art of molecular pathology tests as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive biomarkers in genitourinary cancers. Next generation sequencing approaches now provide mind-changing information in the fields of kidney cancer diagnosis, predictive oncology of urothelial cancer, understanding the causes of testicular and penile cancer, and the comprehension of the drivers of prostate cancer progression beyond androgen regulation. The classification of kidney cancer will be based soon on molecular changes. The causes of non-HPV related penile cancer are largely unknown. The emerging high incidence of testicular cancer could be explained only on the basis of molecular changes. The response to novel therapeutic agents in prostatic and urothelial cancer will require thorough molecular tumor characterization. The hereditary risk of patients with early onset prostate cancer and their potential treatment with targeted therapy requires germline and somatic genetic assays. The implementation of effective biomarkers for the response to immune check-point inhibitors in genitourinary cancer is based on the assessment of inflammatory expression profiles and the tumor mutational burden. This review deals with the current tests and provides a tentative foresee of the future molecular biomarkers of genitourinary cancer.
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spelling pubmed-80395922021-04-12 A narrative review of individualized treatments of genitourinary tumors: is the future brighter with molecular evaluations? Giunchi, Francesca Franceschini, Tania Fiorentino, Michelangelo Transl Androl Urol Review Article on Update on Molecular Classification and Individualized Treatments of Genitourinary Tumors Few molecular prognostic and predictive biomarkers have been identified so far in genitourinary tumors. We started from a literature search to explore the status of the art of molecular pathology tests as diagnostic, prognostic, predictive biomarkers in genitourinary cancers. Next generation sequencing approaches now provide mind-changing information in the fields of kidney cancer diagnosis, predictive oncology of urothelial cancer, understanding the causes of testicular and penile cancer, and the comprehension of the drivers of prostate cancer progression beyond androgen regulation. The classification of kidney cancer will be based soon on molecular changes. The causes of non-HPV related penile cancer are largely unknown. The emerging high incidence of testicular cancer could be explained only on the basis of molecular changes. The response to novel therapeutic agents in prostatic and urothelial cancer will require thorough molecular tumor characterization. The hereditary risk of patients with early onset prostate cancer and their potential treatment with targeted therapy requires germline and somatic genetic assays. The implementation of effective biomarkers for the response to immune check-point inhibitors in genitourinary cancer is based on the assessment of inflammatory expression profiles and the tumor mutational burden. This review deals with the current tests and provides a tentative foresee of the future molecular biomarkers of genitourinary cancer. AME Publishing Company 2021-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8039592/ /pubmed/33850789 http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tau-20-1185 Text en 2021 Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Review Article on Update on Molecular Classification and Individualized Treatments of Genitourinary Tumors
Giunchi, Francesca
Franceschini, Tania
Fiorentino, Michelangelo
A narrative review of individualized treatments of genitourinary tumors: is the future brighter with molecular evaluations?
title A narrative review of individualized treatments of genitourinary tumors: is the future brighter with molecular evaluations?
title_full A narrative review of individualized treatments of genitourinary tumors: is the future brighter with molecular evaluations?
title_fullStr A narrative review of individualized treatments of genitourinary tumors: is the future brighter with molecular evaluations?
title_full_unstemmed A narrative review of individualized treatments of genitourinary tumors: is the future brighter with molecular evaluations?
title_short A narrative review of individualized treatments of genitourinary tumors: is the future brighter with molecular evaluations?
title_sort narrative review of individualized treatments of genitourinary tumors: is the future brighter with molecular evaluations?
topic Review Article on Update on Molecular Classification and Individualized Treatments of Genitourinary Tumors
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8039592/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33850789
http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tau-20-1185
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