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Direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells to control gastric contractility
Rationale: Antral peristalsis is responsible for gastric emptying. Its failure is called gastroparesis and often caused by dysfunction of enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Current treatment options, including gastric electrical stimulation, are non-satisfying and may improve sym...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Ivyspring International Publisher
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8039938/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33859764 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.53883 |
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author | Vogt, Markus Schulz, Benjamin Wagdi, Ahmed Lebert, Jan van Belle, Gijsbert J. Christoph, Jan Bruegmann, Tobias Patejdl, Robert |
author_facet | Vogt, Markus Schulz, Benjamin Wagdi, Ahmed Lebert, Jan van Belle, Gijsbert J. Christoph, Jan Bruegmann, Tobias Patejdl, Robert |
author_sort | Vogt, Markus |
collection | PubMed |
description | Rationale: Antral peristalsis is responsible for gastric emptying. Its failure is called gastroparesis and often caused by dysfunction of enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Current treatment options, including gastric electrical stimulation, are non-satisfying and may improve symptoms but commonly fail to restore gastric emptying. Herein, we explore direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) via the light-gated non-selective cation channel Channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) to control gastric motor function. Methods: We used a transgenic mouse model expressing ChR2 in fusion with eYFP under the control of the chicken-β-actin promoter. We performed patch clamp experiments to quantify light-induced currents in isolated SMC, Ca(2+) imaging and isometric force measurements of antral smooth muscle strips as well as pressure recordings of intact stomachs to evaluate contractile responses. Light-induced propulsion of gastric contents from the isolated stomach preparation was quantified in video recordings. We furthermore tested optogenetic stimulation in a gastroparesis model induced by neuronal- and ICC-specific damage through methylene blue photo-toxicity. Results: In the stomachs, eYFP signals were restricted to SMC in which blue light (460 nm) induced inward currents typical for ChR2. These depolarizing currents led to contractions in antral smooth muscle strips that were stronger than those triggered by supramaximal electrical field stimulation and comparable to those evoked by global depolarization with high K(+) concentration. In the intact stomach, panoramic illumination efficiently increased intragastric pressure achieving 239±46% (n=6) of the pressure induced by electrical field stimulation and triggered gastric transport. Within the gastroparesis model, electric field stimulation completely failed but light still efficiently generated pressure waves. Conclusions: We demonstrate direct optogenetic stimulation of SMC to control gastric contractility. This completely new approach could allow for the restoration of motility in gastroparesis in the future. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8039938 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Ivyspring International Publisher |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80399382021-04-14 Direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells to control gastric contractility Vogt, Markus Schulz, Benjamin Wagdi, Ahmed Lebert, Jan van Belle, Gijsbert J. Christoph, Jan Bruegmann, Tobias Patejdl, Robert Theranostics Research Paper Rationale: Antral peristalsis is responsible for gastric emptying. Its failure is called gastroparesis and often caused by dysfunction of enteric neurons and interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC). Current treatment options, including gastric electrical stimulation, are non-satisfying and may improve symptoms but commonly fail to restore gastric emptying. Herein, we explore direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) via the light-gated non-selective cation channel Channelrhodopsin2 (ChR2) to control gastric motor function. Methods: We used a transgenic mouse model expressing ChR2 in fusion with eYFP under the control of the chicken-β-actin promoter. We performed patch clamp experiments to quantify light-induced currents in isolated SMC, Ca(2+) imaging and isometric force measurements of antral smooth muscle strips as well as pressure recordings of intact stomachs to evaluate contractile responses. Light-induced propulsion of gastric contents from the isolated stomach preparation was quantified in video recordings. We furthermore tested optogenetic stimulation in a gastroparesis model induced by neuronal- and ICC-specific damage through methylene blue photo-toxicity. Results: In the stomachs, eYFP signals were restricted to SMC in which blue light (460 nm) induced inward currents typical for ChR2. These depolarizing currents led to contractions in antral smooth muscle strips that were stronger than those triggered by supramaximal electrical field stimulation and comparable to those evoked by global depolarization with high K(+) concentration. In the intact stomach, panoramic illumination efficiently increased intragastric pressure achieving 239±46% (n=6) of the pressure induced by electrical field stimulation and triggered gastric transport. Within the gastroparesis model, electric field stimulation completely failed but light still efficiently generated pressure waves. Conclusions: We demonstrate direct optogenetic stimulation of SMC to control gastric contractility. This completely new approach could allow for the restoration of motility in gastroparesis in the future. Ivyspring International Publisher 2021-03-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8039938/ /pubmed/33859764 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.53883 Text en © The author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions. |
spellingShingle | Research Paper Vogt, Markus Schulz, Benjamin Wagdi, Ahmed Lebert, Jan van Belle, Gijsbert J. Christoph, Jan Bruegmann, Tobias Patejdl, Robert Direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells to control gastric contractility |
title | Direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells to control gastric contractility |
title_full | Direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells to control gastric contractility |
title_fullStr | Direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells to control gastric contractility |
title_full_unstemmed | Direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells to control gastric contractility |
title_short | Direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells to control gastric contractility |
title_sort | direct optogenetic stimulation of smooth muscle cells to control gastric contractility |
topic | Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8039938/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33859764 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.53883 |
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