Cargando…
Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents
During the last two decades, there have been several reports of an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents, especially among those belonging to minority ethnic groups. This trend, which parallels the increases in prevalence and degree of pediatric obesity,...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Baishideng Publishing Group Inc
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8040084/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33889284 http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.344 |
_version_ | 1783677716884619264 |
---|---|
author | Serbis, Anastasios Giapros, Vasileios Kotanidou, Eleni P Galli-Tsinopoulou, Assimina Siomou, Ekaterini |
author_facet | Serbis, Anastasios Giapros, Vasileios Kotanidou, Eleni P Galli-Tsinopoulou, Assimina Siomou, Ekaterini |
author_sort | Serbis, Anastasios |
collection | PubMed |
description | During the last two decades, there have been several reports of an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents, especially among those belonging to minority ethnic groups. This trend, which parallels the increases in prevalence and degree of pediatric obesity, has caused great concern, even though T2DM remains a relatively rare disease in children. Youth T2DM differs not only from type 1 diabetes in children, from which it is sometimes difficult to differentiate, but also from T2DM in adults, since it appears to be an aggressive disease with rapidly progressive β-cell decline, high treatment failure rate, and accelerated development of complications. Despite the recent research, many aspects of youth T2DM still remain unknown, regarding both its pathophysiology and risk factor contribution, and its optimal management and prevention. Current management approaches include lifestyle changes, such as improved diet and increased physical activity, together with pharmacological interventions, including metformin, insulin, and the recently approved glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide. What is more important for everyone to realize though, from patients, families and physicians to schools, health services and policy-makers alike, is that T2DM is a largely preventable disease that will be addressed effectively only if its major contributor (i.e., pediatric obesity) is confronted and prevented at every possible stage of life, from conception until adulthood. Therefore, relevant comprehensive, coordinated, and innovative strategies are urgently needed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8040084 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Baishideng Publishing Group Inc |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80400842021-04-21 Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents Serbis, Anastasios Giapros, Vasileios Kotanidou, Eleni P Galli-Tsinopoulou, Assimina Siomou, Ekaterini World J Diabetes Review During the last two decades, there have been several reports of an increasing incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children and adolescents, especially among those belonging to minority ethnic groups. This trend, which parallels the increases in prevalence and degree of pediatric obesity, has caused great concern, even though T2DM remains a relatively rare disease in children. Youth T2DM differs not only from type 1 diabetes in children, from which it is sometimes difficult to differentiate, but also from T2DM in adults, since it appears to be an aggressive disease with rapidly progressive β-cell decline, high treatment failure rate, and accelerated development of complications. Despite the recent research, many aspects of youth T2DM still remain unknown, regarding both its pathophysiology and risk factor contribution, and its optimal management and prevention. Current management approaches include lifestyle changes, such as improved diet and increased physical activity, together with pharmacological interventions, including metformin, insulin, and the recently approved glucagon-like peptide-1 analog liraglutide. What is more important for everyone to realize though, from patients, families and physicians to schools, health services and policy-makers alike, is that T2DM is a largely preventable disease that will be addressed effectively only if its major contributor (i.e., pediatric obesity) is confronted and prevented at every possible stage of life, from conception until adulthood. Therefore, relevant comprehensive, coordinated, and innovative strategies are urgently needed. Baishideng Publishing Group Inc 2021-04-15 2021-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8040084/ /pubmed/33889284 http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.344 Text en ©The Author(s) 2021. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ |
spellingShingle | Review Serbis, Anastasios Giapros, Vasileios Kotanidou, Eleni P Galli-Tsinopoulou, Assimina Siomou, Ekaterini Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents |
title | Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents |
title_full | Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents |
title_fullStr | Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents |
title_full_unstemmed | Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents |
title_short | Diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents |
title_sort | diagnosis, treatment and prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and adolescents |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8040084/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33889284 http://dx.doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i4.344 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT serbisanastasios diagnosistreatmentandpreventionoftype2diabetesmellitusinchildrenandadolescents AT giaprosvasileios diagnosistreatmentandpreventionoftype2diabetesmellitusinchildrenandadolescents AT kotanidouelenip diagnosistreatmentandpreventionoftype2diabetesmellitusinchildrenandadolescents AT gallitsinopoulouassimina diagnosistreatmentandpreventionoftype2diabetesmellitusinchildrenandadolescents AT siomouekaterini diagnosistreatmentandpreventionoftype2diabetesmellitusinchildrenandadolescents |