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Paradoxical HBsAg and anti-HBs coexistence among Chronic HBV Infections: Causes and Consequences

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) were reported simultaneously among Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. HBsAg is a specific indicator of acute or chronic HBV infections, while anti-HBs is a protective antibody reflecting the recovery and immunity of hos...

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Autores principales: Jiang, Xinyi, Chang, Le, Yan, Ying, Wang, Lunan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Ivyspring International Publisher 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8040313/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33867835
http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.55724
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author Jiang, Xinyi
Chang, Le
Yan, Ying
Wang, Lunan
author_facet Jiang, Xinyi
Chang, Le
Yan, Ying
Wang, Lunan
author_sort Jiang, Xinyi
collection PubMed
description Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) were reported simultaneously among Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. HBsAg is a specific indicator of acute or chronic HBV infections, while anti-HBs is a protective antibody reflecting the recovery and immunity of hosts. HBsAg and anti-HBs coexist during seroconversion and then form immune complex, which is rare detected in clinical cases. However, with the promotion of vaccination and the application of various antiviral drugs, along with the rapid development of medical technology, the coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs has become more prevalent. Mutations in the viral genomes, immune status and genetic factors of hosts may contribute to the coexistence. Novel HBsAg assays, with higher sensitivity and ability to detect mutations or immune complexes, can also yield HBsAg/anti-HBs coexistence. The discovery of coexistence has shattered the idea of traditional serological patterns and raised questions about the effectiveness of vaccines. Worth noting is that HBsAg/anti-HBs double positivity is strongly associated with progressive liver diseases, especially hepatocellular carcinoma. In conclusion, viral mutations, host factors, and methodology impacts can all lead to the coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. This coexistence is not an indicator of improvement, as an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes still exists.
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spelling pubmed-80403132021-04-16 Paradoxical HBsAg and anti-HBs coexistence among Chronic HBV Infections: Causes and Consequences Jiang, Xinyi Chang, Le Yan, Ying Wang, Lunan Int J Biol Sci Review Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) were reported simultaneously among Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. HBsAg is a specific indicator of acute or chronic HBV infections, while anti-HBs is a protective antibody reflecting the recovery and immunity of hosts. HBsAg and anti-HBs coexist during seroconversion and then form immune complex, which is rare detected in clinical cases. However, with the promotion of vaccination and the application of various antiviral drugs, along with the rapid development of medical technology, the coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs has become more prevalent. Mutations in the viral genomes, immune status and genetic factors of hosts may contribute to the coexistence. Novel HBsAg assays, with higher sensitivity and ability to detect mutations or immune complexes, can also yield HBsAg/anti-HBs coexistence. The discovery of coexistence has shattered the idea of traditional serological patterns and raised questions about the effectiveness of vaccines. Worth noting is that HBsAg/anti-HBs double positivity is strongly associated with progressive liver diseases, especially hepatocellular carcinoma. In conclusion, viral mutations, host factors, and methodology impacts can all lead to the coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. This coexistence is not an indicator of improvement, as an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes still exists. Ivyspring International Publisher 2021-03-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8040313/ /pubmed/33867835 http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.55724 Text en © The author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). See http://ivyspring.com/terms for full terms and conditions.
spellingShingle Review
Jiang, Xinyi
Chang, Le
Yan, Ying
Wang, Lunan
Paradoxical HBsAg and anti-HBs coexistence among Chronic HBV Infections: Causes and Consequences
title Paradoxical HBsAg and anti-HBs coexistence among Chronic HBV Infections: Causes and Consequences
title_full Paradoxical HBsAg and anti-HBs coexistence among Chronic HBV Infections: Causes and Consequences
title_fullStr Paradoxical HBsAg and anti-HBs coexistence among Chronic HBV Infections: Causes and Consequences
title_full_unstemmed Paradoxical HBsAg and anti-HBs coexistence among Chronic HBV Infections: Causes and Consequences
title_short Paradoxical HBsAg and anti-HBs coexistence among Chronic HBV Infections: Causes and Consequences
title_sort paradoxical hbsag and anti-hbs coexistence among chronic hbv infections: causes and consequences
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8040313/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33867835
http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/ijbs.55724
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