Changes of Body Mass Index and Body Shape in relation to risk of Gastric Cancer: A population-based case-control study

Background: The results of previous studies are heterogeneous about the effect of body fatness on risk of gastric cancer (GC). Herein we investigated the effect of changes of BMI and body shape on risk of GC. Methods: A population-based case-control study enrolled 1989 controls and 937 GC cases. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for BMI and body shape in association with GC risk, according to anatomical subsite, Laurén's classification, sex and Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection. Results: Subjects with higher BMI or body shape 10 years before interview had a lower risk of GC regardless of anatomical subsite, Laurén's classification, and sex (all P for trend <0.05). But the relative risk patterns were different by Hp status. When checking the effect of changes of body fatness, in Hp+ stratum, the ORs (95% CI) were 0.40 (0.17-0.93) for subjects who were underweight at age 20 but had increased BMI afterwards, and 0.48 (0.32-0.73) for those of body shape 1/2 at age 20 but increased body shape subsequently, compared to subjects with stable BMI or body shape. When subjects had a normal BMI or 3/4 body shape at age 20, weight loss nearly doubled the risk of GC, and weight gain would decrease the risk. Conclusion: The association between body fatness and GC risk might differ by time point of measurement and Hp-infection status. Further, the influence of changes of body fatness might be different by baseline body fatness and Hp-infection status.