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Supplementing Blood Diet With Plant Nectar Enhances Egg Fertility in Stomoxys calcitrans

Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) is a cosmopolitan biting fly of both medical and veterinary importance. Unlike blood-feeding-related behavior of stable fly, its plant feeding, the fitness value, and the S. calcitrans–plant interaction are less understood. Here we show based on two chloroplast DNA g...

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Autores principales: Tawich, Simon K., Bargul, Joel L., Masiga, Daniel, Getahun, Merid N.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8042263/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33859570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.646367
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author Tawich, Simon K.
Bargul, Joel L.
Masiga, Daniel
Getahun, Merid N.
author_facet Tawich, Simon K.
Bargul, Joel L.
Masiga, Daniel
Getahun, Merid N.
author_sort Tawich, Simon K.
collection PubMed
description Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) is a cosmopolitan biting fly of both medical and veterinary importance. Unlike blood-feeding-related behavior of stable fly, its plant feeding, the fitness value, and the S. calcitrans–plant interaction are less understood. Here we show based on two chloroplast DNA genes, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (rbcL) and the intergenic spacer gene trnH-psbA, that field-collected male and female stable flies fed on various plant species. We investigated the fitness cost of plant feeding using Parthenium hysterophorus, one of the plant species identified to have been fed on by the field-collected flies. Supplementation of blood feeding with a flowering P. hysterophorus plant as nectar source enhanced egg hatchability significantly as compared to blood alone, showing the fitness value of nectar supplementation. However, nectar supplementation did not affect the number of eggs laid or longevity of S. calcitrans as compared to flies that fed on blood alone. S. calcitrans maintained on sugar alone failed to lay eggs. The various plants stable flies fed on demonstrated chemodiversity with their own signature scent. The behavioral response of S. calcitrans to these signature compounds varied from strong attraction (γ-terpinene) to neutral (linalool oxide and myrcene) to repellency (butanoic acid). Our study demonstrated that stable flies feed on nectar, and plant nectar supplementation of blood feeding enhanced larval emergence. Thus, our result has implication in stable fly reproduction, survival, disease transmission, boosting laboratory colony, and the possibility of using plant-derived odors for mass trapping of stable fly, for instance, using γ-terpinene.
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spelling pubmed-80422632021-04-14 Supplementing Blood Diet With Plant Nectar Enhances Egg Fertility in Stomoxys calcitrans Tawich, Simon K. Bargul, Joel L. Masiga, Daniel Getahun, Merid N. Front Physiol Physiology Stomoxys calcitrans (stable fly) is a cosmopolitan biting fly of both medical and veterinary importance. Unlike blood-feeding-related behavior of stable fly, its plant feeding, the fitness value, and the S. calcitrans–plant interaction are less understood. Here we show based on two chloroplast DNA genes, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase large chain (rbcL) and the intergenic spacer gene trnH-psbA, that field-collected male and female stable flies fed on various plant species. We investigated the fitness cost of plant feeding using Parthenium hysterophorus, one of the plant species identified to have been fed on by the field-collected flies. Supplementation of blood feeding with a flowering P. hysterophorus plant as nectar source enhanced egg hatchability significantly as compared to blood alone, showing the fitness value of nectar supplementation. However, nectar supplementation did not affect the number of eggs laid or longevity of S. calcitrans as compared to flies that fed on blood alone. S. calcitrans maintained on sugar alone failed to lay eggs. The various plants stable flies fed on demonstrated chemodiversity with their own signature scent. The behavioral response of S. calcitrans to these signature compounds varied from strong attraction (γ-terpinene) to neutral (linalool oxide and myrcene) to repellency (butanoic acid). Our study demonstrated that stable flies feed on nectar, and plant nectar supplementation of blood feeding enhanced larval emergence. Thus, our result has implication in stable fly reproduction, survival, disease transmission, boosting laboratory colony, and the possibility of using plant-derived odors for mass trapping of stable fly, for instance, using γ-terpinene. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8042263/ /pubmed/33859570 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.646367 Text en Copyright © 2021 Tawich, Bargul, Masiga and Getahun. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Tawich, Simon K.
Bargul, Joel L.
Masiga, Daniel
Getahun, Merid N.
Supplementing Blood Diet With Plant Nectar Enhances Egg Fertility in Stomoxys calcitrans
title Supplementing Blood Diet With Plant Nectar Enhances Egg Fertility in Stomoxys calcitrans
title_full Supplementing Blood Diet With Plant Nectar Enhances Egg Fertility in Stomoxys calcitrans
title_fullStr Supplementing Blood Diet With Plant Nectar Enhances Egg Fertility in Stomoxys calcitrans
title_full_unstemmed Supplementing Blood Diet With Plant Nectar Enhances Egg Fertility in Stomoxys calcitrans
title_short Supplementing Blood Diet With Plant Nectar Enhances Egg Fertility in Stomoxys calcitrans
title_sort supplementing blood diet with plant nectar enhances egg fertility in stomoxys calcitrans
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8042263/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33859570
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.646367
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