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Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive

Microglia are the resident immune effector cells of the central nervous system (CNS) rapidly reacting to any perturbation in order to maintain CNS homeostasis. Although their outstanding reactive properties have been elucidated over the last decades, their heterogeneity in healthy tissue, such as ac...

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Autores principales: Uriarte Huarte, Oihane, Richart, Lorraine, Mittelbronn, Michel, Michelucci, Alessandro
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8044310/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33867943
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.660523
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author Uriarte Huarte, Oihane
Richart, Lorraine
Mittelbronn, Michel
Michelucci, Alessandro
author_facet Uriarte Huarte, Oihane
Richart, Lorraine
Mittelbronn, Michel
Michelucci, Alessandro
author_sort Uriarte Huarte, Oihane
collection PubMed
description Microglia are the resident immune effector cells of the central nervous system (CNS) rapidly reacting to any perturbation in order to maintain CNS homeostasis. Although their outstanding reactive properties have been elucidated over the last decades, their heterogeneity in healthy tissue, such as across brain regions, as well as their diversity in the development and progression of brain diseases, are currently opening new avenues to understand the cellular and functional states of microglia subsets in a context-dependent manner. Here, we review the main breakthrough studies that helped in elucidating microglia heterogeneity in the healthy and diseased brain and might pave the way to critical functional screenings of the inferred cellular diversity. We suggest that unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying specific functionalities of microglial subpopulations, which may ultimately support or harm the neuronal network in neurodegenerative diseases, or may acquire pro- or anti-tumorigenic phenotypes in brain tumors, will possibly uncover new therapeutic avenues for to date non-curable neurological disorders.
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spelling pubmed-80443102021-04-15 Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive Uriarte Huarte, Oihane Richart, Lorraine Mittelbronn, Michel Michelucci, Alessandro Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience Microglia are the resident immune effector cells of the central nervous system (CNS) rapidly reacting to any perturbation in order to maintain CNS homeostasis. Although their outstanding reactive properties have been elucidated over the last decades, their heterogeneity in healthy tissue, such as across brain regions, as well as their diversity in the development and progression of brain diseases, are currently opening new avenues to understand the cellular and functional states of microglia subsets in a context-dependent manner. Here, we review the main breakthrough studies that helped in elucidating microglia heterogeneity in the healthy and diseased brain and might pave the way to critical functional screenings of the inferred cellular diversity. We suggest that unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying specific functionalities of microglial subpopulations, which may ultimately support or harm the neuronal network in neurodegenerative diseases, or may acquire pro- or anti-tumorigenic phenotypes in brain tumors, will possibly uncover new therapeutic avenues for to date non-curable neurological disorders. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8044310/ /pubmed/33867943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.660523 Text en Copyright © 2021 Uriarte Huarte, Richart, Mittelbronn and Michelucci. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Uriarte Huarte, Oihane
Richart, Lorraine
Mittelbronn, Michel
Michelucci, Alessandro
Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive
title Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive
title_full Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive
title_fullStr Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive
title_full_unstemmed Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive
title_short Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive
title_sort microglia in health and disease: the strength to be diverse and reactive
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8044310/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33867943
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.660523
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