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Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive
Microglia are the resident immune effector cells of the central nervous system (CNS) rapidly reacting to any perturbation in order to maintain CNS homeostasis. Although their outstanding reactive properties have been elucidated over the last decades, their heterogeneity in healthy tissue, such as ac...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8044310/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33867943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.660523 |
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author | Uriarte Huarte, Oihane Richart, Lorraine Mittelbronn, Michel Michelucci, Alessandro |
author_facet | Uriarte Huarte, Oihane Richart, Lorraine Mittelbronn, Michel Michelucci, Alessandro |
author_sort | Uriarte Huarte, Oihane |
collection | PubMed |
description | Microglia are the resident immune effector cells of the central nervous system (CNS) rapidly reacting to any perturbation in order to maintain CNS homeostasis. Although their outstanding reactive properties have been elucidated over the last decades, their heterogeneity in healthy tissue, such as across brain regions, as well as their diversity in the development and progression of brain diseases, are currently opening new avenues to understand the cellular and functional states of microglia subsets in a context-dependent manner. Here, we review the main breakthrough studies that helped in elucidating microglia heterogeneity in the healthy and diseased brain and might pave the way to critical functional screenings of the inferred cellular diversity. We suggest that unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying specific functionalities of microglial subpopulations, which may ultimately support or harm the neuronal network in neurodegenerative diseases, or may acquire pro- or anti-tumorigenic phenotypes in brain tumors, will possibly uncover new therapeutic avenues for to date non-curable neurological disorders. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8044310 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80443102021-04-15 Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive Uriarte Huarte, Oihane Richart, Lorraine Mittelbronn, Michel Michelucci, Alessandro Front Cell Neurosci Neuroscience Microglia are the resident immune effector cells of the central nervous system (CNS) rapidly reacting to any perturbation in order to maintain CNS homeostasis. Although their outstanding reactive properties have been elucidated over the last decades, their heterogeneity in healthy tissue, such as across brain regions, as well as their diversity in the development and progression of brain diseases, are currently opening new avenues to understand the cellular and functional states of microglia subsets in a context-dependent manner. Here, we review the main breakthrough studies that helped in elucidating microglia heterogeneity in the healthy and diseased brain and might pave the way to critical functional screenings of the inferred cellular diversity. We suggest that unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying specific functionalities of microglial subpopulations, which may ultimately support or harm the neuronal network in neurodegenerative diseases, or may acquire pro- or anti-tumorigenic phenotypes in brain tumors, will possibly uncover new therapeutic avenues for to date non-curable neurological disorders. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8044310/ /pubmed/33867943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.660523 Text en Copyright © 2021 Uriarte Huarte, Richart, Mittelbronn and Michelucci. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Uriarte Huarte, Oihane Richart, Lorraine Mittelbronn, Michel Michelucci, Alessandro Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive |
title | Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive |
title_full | Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive |
title_fullStr | Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive |
title_full_unstemmed | Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive |
title_short | Microglia in Health and Disease: The Strength to Be Diverse and Reactive |
title_sort | microglia in health and disease: the strength to be diverse and reactive |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8044310/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33867943 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2021.660523 |
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