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Vigilance-Avoidance Toward Negative Faces in Social Anxiety With and Without Comorbid Depression
Despite the growing evidence for the attentional bias toward emotional related stimuli in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD), it remains unclear how the attentional bias manifests in normal individuals with SAD and/or depressive traits. To address this question, we recruited three groups of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8044761/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33868053 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.636961 |
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author | Kishimoto, Tomoko Wen, Xu Li, Mingzhu Zhang, Ru-Yuan Yao, Nisha Huang, Yunzhen Qian, Mingyi |
author_facet | Kishimoto, Tomoko Wen, Xu Li, Mingzhu Zhang, Ru-Yuan Yao, Nisha Huang, Yunzhen Qian, Mingyi |
author_sort | Kishimoto, Tomoko |
collection | PubMed |
description | Despite the growing evidence for the attentional bias toward emotional related stimuli in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD), it remains unclear how the attentional bias manifests in normal individuals with SAD and/or depressive traits. To address this question, we recruited three groups of normal participants with different psychiatric traits—individuals with comorbid SAD and depression (SADd, N = 19), individuals with only SAD (SAD, N = 15), and healthy control individuals (HC, N = 19). In a dot-probe paradigm, participants view angry, disgusted, and sad face stimuli with durations ranging from very brief (i.e., 14ms) that renders stimuli completely intangible, to relatively long (i.e., 2000ms) that guarantees image visibility. We find significant early vigilance (i.e., on brief stimuli) and later avoidance (i.e., on long stimuli) toward angry faces in the SADd group. We also find vigilance toward angry and disgusted faces in the SAD group. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to unify both vigilance and avoidance within the same experimental paradigm, providing direct evidence for the “vigilance-avoidance” theory of comorbid SAD and depression. In sum, these results provide evidence for the potential behavioral differences induced by anxiety-depression comorbidity and a single trait in non-clinical populations, but the lack of a depression-only group cannot reveal the effects of high levels of depression on the results. The limitations are discussed. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8044761 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80447612021-04-15 Vigilance-Avoidance Toward Negative Faces in Social Anxiety With and Without Comorbid Depression Kishimoto, Tomoko Wen, Xu Li, Mingzhu Zhang, Ru-Yuan Yao, Nisha Huang, Yunzhen Qian, Mingyi Front Psychiatry Psychiatry Despite the growing evidence for the attentional bias toward emotional related stimuli in patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD), it remains unclear how the attentional bias manifests in normal individuals with SAD and/or depressive traits. To address this question, we recruited three groups of normal participants with different psychiatric traits—individuals with comorbid SAD and depression (SADd, N = 19), individuals with only SAD (SAD, N = 15), and healthy control individuals (HC, N = 19). In a dot-probe paradigm, participants view angry, disgusted, and sad face stimuli with durations ranging from very brief (i.e., 14ms) that renders stimuli completely intangible, to relatively long (i.e., 2000ms) that guarantees image visibility. We find significant early vigilance (i.e., on brief stimuli) and later avoidance (i.e., on long stimuli) toward angry faces in the SADd group. We also find vigilance toward angry and disgusted faces in the SAD group. To our best knowledge, this is the first study to unify both vigilance and avoidance within the same experimental paradigm, providing direct evidence for the “vigilance-avoidance” theory of comorbid SAD and depression. In sum, these results provide evidence for the potential behavioral differences induced by anxiety-depression comorbidity and a single trait in non-clinical populations, but the lack of a depression-only group cannot reveal the effects of high levels of depression on the results. The limitations are discussed. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8044761/ /pubmed/33868053 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.636961 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kishimoto, Wen, Li, Zhang, Yao, Huang and Qian. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychiatry Kishimoto, Tomoko Wen, Xu Li, Mingzhu Zhang, Ru-Yuan Yao, Nisha Huang, Yunzhen Qian, Mingyi Vigilance-Avoidance Toward Negative Faces in Social Anxiety With and Without Comorbid Depression |
title | Vigilance-Avoidance Toward Negative Faces in Social Anxiety With and Without Comorbid Depression |
title_full | Vigilance-Avoidance Toward Negative Faces in Social Anxiety With and Without Comorbid Depression |
title_fullStr | Vigilance-Avoidance Toward Negative Faces in Social Anxiety With and Without Comorbid Depression |
title_full_unstemmed | Vigilance-Avoidance Toward Negative Faces in Social Anxiety With and Without Comorbid Depression |
title_short | Vigilance-Avoidance Toward Negative Faces in Social Anxiety With and Without Comorbid Depression |
title_sort | vigilance-avoidance toward negative faces in social anxiety with and without comorbid depression |
topic | Psychiatry |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8044761/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33868053 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.636961 |
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