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Correlates of Variation in Guinea Worm Burden among Infected Domestic Dogs
The Guinea Worm Eradication Program has been extraordinarily successful—in 2019, there were 53 human cases reported, down from the estimated 3.5 million in 1986. Yet the occurrence of Guinea worm in dogs is a challenge to eradication efforts, and underlying questions about transmission dynamics rema...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8045642/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33617473 http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0924 |
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author | Guagliardo, Sarah Anne J. Wiegand, Ryan Roy, Sharon L. Cleveland, Christopher A. Zirimwabagabo, Hubert Chop, Elisabeth Tchindebet Ouakou, Philippe Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto R. Hopkins, Donald J. Weiss, Adam |
author_facet | Guagliardo, Sarah Anne J. Wiegand, Ryan Roy, Sharon L. Cleveland, Christopher A. Zirimwabagabo, Hubert Chop, Elisabeth Tchindebet Ouakou, Philippe Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto R. Hopkins, Donald J. Weiss, Adam |
author_sort | Guagliardo, Sarah Anne J. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Guinea Worm Eradication Program has been extraordinarily successful—in 2019, there were 53 human cases reported, down from the estimated 3.5 million in 1986. Yet the occurrence of Guinea worm in dogs is a challenge to eradication efforts, and underlying questions about transmission dynamics remain. We used routine surveillance data to run negative binomial regressions predicting worm burden among infected dogs in Chad. Of 3,371 infected dogs reported during 2015–2018, 38.5% had multiple worms. A multivariable model showed that the number of dogs in the household was negatively associated with worm burden (adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR] = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.97, P < 0.0001) after adjusting for dog age (AIRR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.96–1.01, P > 0.1). This could relate to the amount of infective inocula (e.g., contaminated food or water) shared by multiple dogs in a household. Other significant univariable associations with worm burden included dog history of Guinea worm infection (IRR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.18–1.45) and dog owners who were hunters (IRR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62–0.99, P < 0.05) or farmers (IRR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77–0.90, P < 0.0001). Further analysis showed that the number of dogs in the household was significantly and positively correlated with nearly all other independent variables (e.g., owner occupation: farmer, fisherman, or hunter; dog age, sex, and history of Guinea worm). The associations we identified between worm burden and dogs per household, and dogs per household and owner characteristics should be further investigated with more targeted studies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8045642 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80456422021-04-19 Correlates of Variation in Guinea Worm Burden among Infected Domestic Dogs Guagliardo, Sarah Anne J. Wiegand, Ryan Roy, Sharon L. Cleveland, Christopher A. Zirimwabagabo, Hubert Chop, Elisabeth Tchindebet Ouakou, Philippe Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto R. Hopkins, Donald J. Weiss, Adam Am J Trop Med Hyg Articles The Guinea Worm Eradication Program has been extraordinarily successful—in 2019, there were 53 human cases reported, down from the estimated 3.5 million in 1986. Yet the occurrence of Guinea worm in dogs is a challenge to eradication efforts, and underlying questions about transmission dynamics remain. We used routine surveillance data to run negative binomial regressions predicting worm burden among infected dogs in Chad. Of 3,371 infected dogs reported during 2015–2018, 38.5% had multiple worms. A multivariable model showed that the number of dogs in the household was negatively associated with worm burden (adjusted incidence rate ratio [AIRR] = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93–0.97, P < 0.0001) after adjusting for dog age (AIRR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.96–1.01, P > 0.1). This could relate to the amount of infective inocula (e.g., contaminated food or water) shared by multiple dogs in a household. Other significant univariable associations with worm burden included dog history of Guinea worm infection (IRR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.18–1.45) and dog owners who were hunters (IRR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.62–0.99, P < 0.05) or farmers (IRR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.77–0.90, P < 0.0001). Further analysis showed that the number of dogs in the household was significantly and positively correlated with nearly all other independent variables (e.g., owner occupation: farmer, fisherman, or hunter; dog age, sex, and history of Guinea worm). The associations we identified between worm burden and dogs per household, and dogs per household and owner characteristics should be further investigated with more targeted studies. The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2021-04 2021-02-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8045642/ /pubmed/33617473 http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0924 Text en © The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Open Access statement. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium for non-commercial purposes, provided the original author and source are credited, a link to the CC License is provided, and changes – if any – are indicated. |
spellingShingle | Articles Guagliardo, Sarah Anne J. Wiegand, Ryan Roy, Sharon L. Cleveland, Christopher A. Zirimwabagabo, Hubert Chop, Elisabeth Tchindebet Ouakou, Philippe Ruiz-Tiben, Ernesto R. Hopkins, Donald J. Weiss, Adam Correlates of Variation in Guinea Worm Burden among Infected Domestic Dogs |
title | Correlates of Variation in Guinea Worm Burden among Infected Domestic Dogs |
title_full | Correlates of Variation in Guinea Worm Burden among Infected Domestic Dogs |
title_fullStr | Correlates of Variation in Guinea Worm Burden among Infected Domestic Dogs |
title_full_unstemmed | Correlates of Variation in Guinea Worm Burden among Infected Domestic Dogs |
title_short | Correlates of Variation in Guinea Worm Burden among Infected Domestic Dogs |
title_sort | correlates of variation in guinea worm burden among infected domestic dogs |
topic | Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8045642/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33617473 http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.19-0924 |
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