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Role of legs and foot adhesion in salticid spiders jumping from smooth surfaces
Many spiders and insects can perform rapid jumps from smooth plant surfaces. Here, we investigate how jumping spiders (Pseudeuophrys lanigera and Sitticus pubescens) avoid slipping when accelerating. Both species differed in the relative contribution of leg pairs to the jump. P. lanigera accelerated...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8046696/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33730199 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-021-01466-6 |
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author | Goetzke, Hanns Hagen Federle, Walter |
author_facet | Goetzke, Hanns Hagen Federle, Walter |
author_sort | Goetzke, Hanns Hagen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Many spiders and insects can perform rapid jumps from smooth plant surfaces. Here, we investigate how jumping spiders (Pseudeuophrys lanigera and Sitticus pubescens) avoid slipping when accelerating. Both species differed in the relative contribution of leg pairs to the jump. P. lanigera accelerated mainly with their long third legs, whereas their short fourth legs detached earlier. In contrast, S. pubescens accelerated mainly with their long fourth legs, and their short third legs detached earlier. Because of the different orientation (fourth-leg tip pointing backward, third-leg tip pointing forward), the fourth-leg tarsus pushed, whereas the third-leg tarsus pulled. High-speed video recordings showed that pushing and pulling was achieved by different attachment structures. In P. lanigera, third-leg feet made surface contact with setae on their distal or lateral claw tuft, whereas fourth-leg feet engaged the proximal claw tuft, and the distal tuft was raised off the ground. S. pubescens showed the same division of labour between proximal and distal claw tuft for pushing and pulling, but the claw tuft contact lasted longer and was more visible in the fourth than in the third legs. Experimental ablation of claw tufts caused accelerating spiders to slip, confirming that adhesion is essential for jumps from smooth substrates. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00359-021-01466-6. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8046696 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80466962021-04-27 Role of legs and foot adhesion in salticid spiders jumping from smooth surfaces Goetzke, Hanns Hagen Federle, Walter J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol Original Paper Many spiders and insects can perform rapid jumps from smooth plant surfaces. Here, we investigate how jumping spiders (Pseudeuophrys lanigera and Sitticus pubescens) avoid slipping when accelerating. Both species differed in the relative contribution of leg pairs to the jump. P. lanigera accelerated mainly with their long third legs, whereas their short fourth legs detached earlier. In contrast, S. pubescens accelerated mainly with their long fourth legs, and their short third legs detached earlier. Because of the different orientation (fourth-leg tip pointing backward, third-leg tip pointing forward), the fourth-leg tarsus pushed, whereas the third-leg tarsus pulled. High-speed video recordings showed that pushing and pulling was achieved by different attachment structures. In P. lanigera, third-leg feet made surface contact with setae on their distal or lateral claw tuft, whereas fourth-leg feet engaged the proximal claw tuft, and the distal tuft was raised off the ground. S. pubescens showed the same division of labour between proximal and distal claw tuft for pushing and pulling, but the claw tuft contact lasted longer and was more visible in the fourth than in the third legs. Experimental ablation of claw tufts caused accelerating spiders to slip, confirming that adhesion is essential for jumps from smooth substrates. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00359-021-01466-6. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-03-10 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8046696/ /pubmed/33730199 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-021-01466-6 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Goetzke, Hanns Hagen Federle, Walter Role of legs and foot adhesion in salticid spiders jumping from smooth surfaces |
title | Role of legs and foot adhesion in salticid spiders jumping from smooth surfaces |
title_full | Role of legs and foot adhesion in salticid spiders jumping from smooth surfaces |
title_fullStr | Role of legs and foot adhesion in salticid spiders jumping from smooth surfaces |
title_full_unstemmed | Role of legs and foot adhesion in salticid spiders jumping from smooth surfaces |
title_short | Role of legs and foot adhesion in salticid spiders jumping from smooth surfaces |
title_sort | role of legs and foot adhesion in salticid spiders jumping from smooth surfaces |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8046696/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33730199 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-021-01466-6 |
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