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A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis

In recent years the role of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease has come to the forefront of medical research. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota and several of its features have been linked to numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). To date, studies in animal models of...

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Autores principales: Hamilton-Williams, Emma E., Lorca, Graciela L., Norris, Jill M., Dunne, Jessica L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8046917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33869260
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.600756
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author Hamilton-Williams, Emma E.
Lorca, Graciela L.
Norris, Jill M.
Dunne, Jessica L.
author_facet Hamilton-Williams, Emma E.
Lorca, Graciela L.
Norris, Jill M.
Dunne, Jessica L.
author_sort Hamilton-Williams, Emma E.
collection PubMed
description In recent years the role of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease has come to the forefront of medical research. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota and several of its features have been linked to numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). To date, studies in animal models of T1D, as well as studies in human subjects, have linked several intestinal microbiota alterations with T1D pathogenesis. Features that are most often linked with T1D pathogenesis include decreased microbial diversity, the relative abundance of specific strains of individual microbes, and altered metabolite production. Alterations in these features as well as others have provided insight into T1D pathogenesis and shed light on the potential mechanism by which the microbiota plays a role in T1D pathogenesis, yet the underlying factors leading to these alterations remains unknown. One potential mechanism for alteration of the microbiota is through diet and nutrition. Previous studies have shown associations of diet with islet autoimmunity, but a direct contributing factor has yet to be identified. Diet, through introduction of antigens and alteration of the composition and function of the microbiota, may elicit the immune system to produce autoreactive responses that result in the destruction of the beta cells. Here, we review the evidence associating diet induced changes in the intestinal microbiota and their contribution to T1D pathogenesis. We further provide a roadmap for determining the effect of diet and other modifiable factors on the entire microbiota ecosystem, including its impact on both immune and beta cell function, as it relates to T1D. A greater understanding of the complex interactions between the intestinal microbiota and several interacting systems in the body (immune, intestinal integrity and function, metabolism, beta cell function, etc.) may provide scientifically rational approaches to prevent development of T1D and other childhood immune and allergic diseases and biomarkers to evaluate the efficacy of interventions.
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spelling pubmed-80469172021-04-16 A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis Hamilton-Williams, Emma E. Lorca, Graciela L. Norris, Jill M. Dunne, Jessica L. Front Nutr Nutrition In recent years the role of the intestinal microbiota in health and disease has come to the forefront of medical research. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota and several of its features have been linked to numerous diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D). To date, studies in animal models of T1D, as well as studies in human subjects, have linked several intestinal microbiota alterations with T1D pathogenesis. Features that are most often linked with T1D pathogenesis include decreased microbial diversity, the relative abundance of specific strains of individual microbes, and altered metabolite production. Alterations in these features as well as others have provided insight into T1D pathogenesis and shed light on the potential mechanism by which the microbiota plays a role in T1D pathogenesis, yet the underlying factors leading to these alterations remains unknown. One potential mechanism for alteration of the microbiota is through diet and nutrition. Previous studies have shown associations of diet with islet autoimmunity, but a direct contributing factor has yet to be identified. Diet, through introduction of antigens and alteration of the composition and function of the microbiota, may elicit the immune system to produce autoreactive responses that result in the destruction of the beta cells. Here, we review the evidence associating diet induced changes in the intestinal microbiota and their contribution to T1D pathogenesis. We further provide a roadmap for determining the effect of diet and other modifiable factors on the entire microbiota ecosystem, including its impact on both immune and beta cell function, as it relates to T1D. A greater understanding of the complex interactions between the intestinal microbiota and several interacting systems in the body (immune, intestinal integrity and function, metabolism, beta cell function, etc.) may provide scientifically rational approaches to prevent development of T1D and other childhood immune and allergic diseases and biomarkers to evaluate the efficacy of interventions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8046917/ /pubmed/33869260 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.600756 Text en Copyright © 2021 Hamilton-Williams, Lorca, Norris and Dunne. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Nutrition
Hamilton-Williams, Emma E.
Lorca, Graciela L.
Norris, Jill M.
Dunne, Jessica L.
A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis
title A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis
title_full A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis
title_fullStr A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis
title_short A Triple Threat? The Role of Diet, Nutrition, and the Microbiota in T1D Pathogenesis
title_sort triple threat? the role of diet, nutrition, and the microbiota in t1d pathogenesis
topic Nutrition
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8046917/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33869260
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2021.600756
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