Cargando…

Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) vs. Flavodoxin (Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity

Abiotic stresses, mainly salinity and drought, are the most important environmental threats that constrain worldwide food security by hampering plant growth and productivity. Plants cope with the adverse effects of these stresses by implementing a series of morpho-physio-biochemical adaptation mecha...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Niazian, Mohsen, Sadat-Noori, Seyed Ahmad, Tohidfar, Masoud, Mortazavian, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi, Sabbatini, Paolo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8047405/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33868350
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.650215
_version_ 1783679032912510976
author Niazian, Mohsen
Sadat-Noori, Seyed Ahmad
Tohidfar, Masoud
Mortazavian, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi
Sabbatini, Paolo
author_facet Niazian, Mohsen
Sadat-Noori, Seyed Ahmad
Tohidfar, Masoud
Mortazavian, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi
Sabbatini, Paolo
author_sort Niazian, Mohsen
collection PubMed
description Abiotic stresses, mainly salinity and drought, are the most important environmental threats that constrain worldwide food security by hampering plant growth and productivity. Plants cope with the adverse effects of these stresses by implementing a series of morpho-physio-biochemical adaptation mechanisms. Accumulating effective osmo-protectants, such as proline and glycine betaine (GB), is one of the important plant stress tolerance strategies. These osmolytes can trigger plant stress tolerance mechanisms, which include stress signal transduction, activating resistance genes, increasing levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, protecting cell osmotic pressure, enhancing cell membrane integrity, as well as protecting their photosynthetic apparatus, especially the photosystem II (PSII) complex. Genetic engineering, as one of the most important plant biotechnology methods, helps to expedite the development of stress-tolerant plants by introducing the key tolerance genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of osmolytes into plants. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) is one of the important genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of GB, and its introduction has led to an increased tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses in different plant species. Replacing down-regulated ferredoxin at the acceptor side of photosystem I (PSI) with its isofunctional counterpart electron carrier (flavodoxin) is another applicable strategy to strengthen the photosynthetic apparatus of plants under stressful conditions. Heterologous expression of microbially-sourced flavodoxin (Fld) in higher plants compensates for the deficiency of ferredoxin expression and enhances their stress tolerance. BADH and Fld are multifunctional transgenes that increase the stress tolerance of different plant species and maintain their production under stressful situations by protecting and enhancing their photosynthetic apparatus. In addition to increasing stress tolerance, both BADH and Fld genes can improve the productivity, symbiotic performance, and longevity of plants. Because of the multigenic and complex nature of abiotic stresses, the concomitant delivery of BADH and Fld transgenes can lead to more satisfying results in desired plants, as these two genes enhance plant stress tolerance through different mechanisms, and their cumulative effect can be much more beneficial than their individual ones. The importance of BADH and Fld genes in enhancing plant productivity under stress conditions has been discussed in detail in the present review.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8047405
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-80474052021-04-16 Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) vs. Flavodoxin (Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity Niazian, Mohsen Sadat-Noori, Seyed Ahmad Tohidfar, Masoud Mortazavian, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Sabbatini, Paolo Front Plant Sci Plant Science Abiotic stresses, mainly salinity and drought, are the most important environmental threats that constrain worldwide food security by hampering plant growth and productivity. Plants cope with the adverse effects of these stresses by implementing a series of morpho-physio-biochemical adaptation mechanisms. Accumulating effective osmo-protectants, such as proline and glycine betaine (GB), is one of the important plant stress tolerance strategies. These osmolytes can trigger plant stress tolerance mechanisms, which include stress signal transduction, activating resistance genes, increasing levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, protecting cell osmotic pressure, enhancing cell membrane integrity, as well as protecting their photosynthetic apparatus, especially the photosystem II (PSII) complex. Genetic engineering, as one of the most important plant biotechnology methods, helps to expedite the development of stress-tolerant plants by introducing the key tolerance genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways of osmolytes into plants. Betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (BADH) is one of the important genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of GB, and its introduction has led to an increased tolerance to a variety of abiotic stresses in different plant species. Replacing down-regulated ferredoxin at the acceptor side of photosystem I (PSI) with its isofunctional counterpart electron carrier (flavodoxin) is another applicable strategy to strengthen the photosynthetic apparatus of plants under stressful conditions. Heterologous expression of microbially-sourced flavodoxin (Fld) in higher plants compensates for the deficiency of ferredoxin expression and enhances their stress tolerance. BADH and Fld are multifunctional transgenes that increase the stress tolerance of different plant species and maintain their production under stressful situations by protecting and enhancing their photosynthetic apparatus. In addition to increasing stress tolerance, both BADH and Fld genes can improve the productivity, symbiotic performance, and longevity of plants. Because of the multigenic and complex nature of abiotic stresses, the concomitant delivery of BADH and Fld transgenes can lead to more satisfying results in desired plants, as these two genes enhance plant stress tolerance through different mechanisms, and their cumulative effect can be much more beneficial than their individual ones. The importance of BADH and Fld genes in enhancing plant productivity under stress conditions has been discussed in detail in the present review. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8047405/ /pubmed/33868350 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.650215 Text en Copyright © 2021 Niazian, Sadat-Noori, Tohidfar, Mortazavian and Sabbatini. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Plant Science
Niazian, Mohsen
Sadat-Noori, Seyed Ahmad
Tohidfar, Masoud
Mortazavian, Seyed Mohammad Mahdi
Sabbatini, Paolo
Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) vs. Flavodoxin (Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity
title Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) vs. Flavodoxin (Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity
title_full Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) vs. Flavodoxin (Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity
title_fullStr Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) vs. Flavodoxin (Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity
title_full_unstemmed Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) vs. Flavodoxin (Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity
title_short Betaine Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (BADH) vs. Flavodoxin (Fld): Two Important Genes for Enhancing Plants Stress Tolerance and Productivity
title_sort betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase (badh) vs. flavodoxin (fld): two important genes for enhancing plants stress tolerance and productivity
topic Plant Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8047405/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33868350
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.650215
work_keys_str_mv AT niazianmohsen betainealdehydedehydrogenasebadhvsflavodoxinfldtwoimportantgenesforenhancingplantsstresstoleranceandproductivity
AT sadatnooriseyedahmad betainealdehydedehydrogenasebadhvsflavodoxinfldtwoimportantgenesforenhancingplantsstresstoleranceandproductivity
AT tohidfarmasoud betainealdehydedehydrogenasebadhvsflavodoxinfldtwoimportantgenesforenhancingplantsstresstoleranceandproductivity
AT mortazavianseyedmohammadmahdi betainealdehydedehydrogenasebadhvsflavodoxinfldtwoimportantgenesforenhancingplantsstresstoleranceandproductivity
AT sabbatinipaolo betainealdehydedehydrogenasebadhvsflavodoxinfldtwoimportantgenesforenhancingplantsstresstoleranceandproductivity