Right middle lobe obstruction associated with synchronous endobronchial carcinoid and aspergillosis

Pulmonary carcinoids originate from neuroendocrine cells of the lung and comprise 0.5%–5% of all lung malignancies. Endobronchial carcinoids are rare, low-grade malignant tumors that occasionally coexist with other infectious diseases, including tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial infection. We treated a 63-year-old woman who presented with a right middle lobe obstruction. A chest computed tomography scan demonstrated a mass-like lesion in the right middle lobe with mediastinal lymphadenopathy. She underwent an exploratory operation after 2 weeks of antibiotic treatment. The pathology revealed a right middle lobe bronchial carcinoid tumor and aspergillosis. Chest computed tomography scans have revealed no recurrence of the carcinoid or aspergillosis during the 5-year follow-up.