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Understanding factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in older African women from a low-income setting: a cross-sectional analysis

BACKGROUND: High rates of food insecurity, obesity and obesity-related comorbidities in ageing South African (SA) women may amplify the risk of developing sarcopenic obesity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of sarcopenic obesity and its diagnostic components [grip stren...

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Autores principales: Mendham, Amy E., Goedecke, Julia H., Micklesfield, Lisa K., Brooks, Naomi E., Faber, Mieke, Christensen, Dirk L., Gallagher, Iain J., Lundin-Olsson, Lillemor, Myburgh, Kathryn H., Odunitan-Wayas, Feyisayo A., Lambert, Estelle V., Kalula, Sebastiana, Hunter, Angus M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048063/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33853546
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02132-x
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author Mendham, Amy E.
Goedecke, Julia H.
Micklesfield, Lisa K.
Brooks, Naomi E.
Faber, Mieke
Christensen, Dirk L.
Gallagher, Iain J.
Lundin-Olsson, Lillemor
Myburgh, Kathryn H.
Odunitan-Wayas, Feyisayo A.
Lambert, Estelle V.
Kalula, Sebastiana
Hunter, Angus M.
author_facet Mendham, Amy E.
Goedecke, Julia H.
Micklesfield, Lisa K.
Brooks, Naomi E.
Faber, Mieke
Christensen, Dirk L.
Gallagher, Iain J.
Lundin-Olsson, Lillemor
Myburgh, Kathryn H.
Odunitan-Wayas, Feyisayo A.
Lambert, Estelle V.
Kalula, Sebastiana
Hunter, Angus M.
author_sort Mendham, Amy E.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: High rates of food insecurity, obesity and obesity-related comorbidities in ageing South African (SA) women may amplify the risk of developing sarcopenic obesity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of sarcopenic obesity and its diagnostic components [grip strength, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and body mass index (BMI)] in older SA women from a low-income setting. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited black SA women between the ages of 60–85 years (n = 122) from a low-income community. Testing included a fasting blood sample (markers of cardiometabolic risk, HIV), whole body and regional muscle and fat mass (dual-energy absorptiometry x-ray), anthropometry, blood pressure, functional movement tests, current medication use, demographic and health questionnaires, physical activity (PA; accelerometery), household food insecurity access scale, and a one-week quantified food frequency questionnaire. Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) criteria (grip strength and ASM, adjusted for BMI) were used to classify sarcopenia. Participants with sarcopenia alongside a BMI of > 30.0 kg/m(2) were classified as having sarcopenic obesity. Prevalence using other criteria (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and the International Working Group for Sarcopenia) were also explored. RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 27.9%, which comprised of sarcopenia without obesity (3.3%) and sarcopenic obesity (24.6%). Other classification criteria showed that sarcopenia ranged from 0.8–14.7%, including 0.8–9.8% without obesity and 0–4.9% with sarcopenic obesity. Using multivariate-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) those with sarcopenic obesity presented with a descriptive profile of higher C-reactive protein, waist circumference, food security and sedentary time than women without sarcopenic obesity (p = 0.046). A similar profile described women with low BMI-adjusted grip strength (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of women with sarcopenia were also obese (88%). We show a large discrepancy in the diagnostic criteria and the potential for significantly underestimating the prevalence of sarcopenia if BMI is not adjusted for. The main variables common to women with sarcopenic obesity were higher food security, lower PA and chronic inflammation. Our data highlights the importance of addressing obesity within these low-income communities to ensure the prevention of sarcopenic obesity and that quality of life is maintained with ageing.
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spelling pubmed-80480632021-04-15 Understanding factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in older African women from a low-income setting: a cross-sectional analysis Mendham, Amy E. Goedecke, Julia H. Micklesfield, Lisa K. Brooks, Naomi E. Faber, Mieke Christensen, Dirk L. Gallagher, Iain J. Lundin-Olsson, Lillemor Myburgh, Kathryn H. Odunitan-Wayas, Feyisayo A. Lambert, Estelle V. Kalula, Sebastiana Hunter, Angus M. BMC Geriatr Article BACKGROUND: High rates of food insecurity, obesity and obesity-related comorbidities in ageing South African (SA) women may amplify the risk of developing sarcopenic obesity. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and correlates of sarcopenic obesity and its diagnostic components [grip strength, appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) and body mass index (BMI)] in older SA women from a low-income setting. METHODS: This cross-sectional study recruited black SA women between the ages of 60–85 years (n = 122) from a low-income community. Testing included a fasting blood sample (markers of cardiometabolic risk, HIV), whole body and regional muscle and fat mass (dual-energy absorptiometry x-ray), anthropometry, blood pressure, functional movement tests, current medication use, demographic and health questionnaires, physical activity (PA; accelerometery), household food insecurity access scale, and a one-week quantified food frequency questionnaire. Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) criteria (grip strength and ASM, adjusted for BMI) were used to classify sarcopenia. Participants with sarcopenia alongside a BMI of > 30.0 kg/m(2) were classified as having sarcopenic obesity. Prevalence using other criteria (European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia and the International Working Group for Sarcopenia) were also explored. RESULTS: The prevalence of sarcopenia was 27.9%, which comprised of sarcopenia without obesity (3.3%) and sarcopenic obesity (24.6%). Other classification criteria showed that sarcopenia ranged from 0.8–14.7%, including 0.8–9.8% without obesity and 0–4.9% with sarcopenic obesity. Using multivariate-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) those with sarcopenic obesity presented with a descriptive profile of higher C-reactive protein, waist circumference, food security and sedentary time than women without sarcopenic obesity (p = 0.046). A similar profile described women with low BMI-adjusted grip strength (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The majority of women with sarcopenia were also obese (88%). We show a large discrepancy in the diagnostic criteria and the potential for significantly underestimating the prevalence of sarcopenia if BMI is not adjusted for. The main variables common to women with sarcopenic obesity were higher food security, lower PA and chronic inflammation. Our data highlights the importance of addressing obesity within these low-income communities to ensure the prevention of sarcopenic obesity and that quality of life is maintained with ageing. BioMed Central 2021-04-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8048063/ /pubmed/33853546 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02132-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Article
Mendham, Amy E.
Goedecke, Julia H.
Micklesfield, Lisa K.
Brooks, Naomi E.
Faber, Mieke
Christensen, Dirk L.
Gallagher, Iain J.
Lundin-Olsson, Lillemor
Myburgh, Kathryn H.
Odunitan-Wayas, Feyisayo A.
Lambert, Estelle V.
Kalula, Sebastiana
Hunter, Angus M.
Understanding factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in older African women from a low-income setting: a cross-sectional analysis
title Understanding factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in older African women from a low-income setting: a cross-sectional analysis
title_full Understanding factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in older African women from a low-income setting: a cross-sectional analysis
title_fullStr Understanding factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in older African women from a low-income setting: a cross-sectional analysis
title_full_unstemmed Understanding factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in older African women from a low-income setting: a cross-sectional analysis
title_short Understanding factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in older African women from a low-income setting: a cross-sectional analysis
title_sort understanding factors associated with sarcopenic obesity in older african women from a low-income setting: a cross-sectional analysis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8048063/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33853546
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12877-021-02132-x
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