Risk of gout among Taiwanese adults with ALDH-2 rs671 polymorphism according to BMI and alcohol intake

BACKGROUND: Gout stems from both modifiable and genetic sources. We evaluated the risk of gout among Taiwanese adults with aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) rs671 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) according to body mass index (BMI) and alcohol drinking. METHODS: We obtained information of 9253 individuals having no personal history of cancer from the Taiwan Biobank (2008–2016) and estimated the association between gout and independent variables (e.g., rs671, BMI, and alcohol drinking) using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS: Alcohol drinking and abnormal BMI were associated with a higher risk of gout whereas the rs671 GA+AA genotype was associated with a lower risk. The odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were 1.297 and 1.098–1.532 for alcohol drinking, 1.550 and 1.368–1.755 for abnormal BMI, and 0.887 and 0.800–0.984 for GA+AA. The interaction between BMI and alcohol on gout was significant for GG (p-value = 0.0102) and GA+AA (p-value = 0.0175). When we stratified genotypes by BMI, alcohol drinking was significantly associated with gout only among individuals with a normal BMI (OR; 95% CI = 1.533; 1.036–2.269 for GG and 2.109; 1.202–3.699 for GA+AA). Concerning the combination of BMI and alcohol drinking among participants stratified by genotypes (reference, GG genotype, normal BMI, and no alcohol drinking), the risk of gout was significantly higher in the following categories: GG, normal BMI, and alcohol drinking (OR, 95% CI = 1.929, 1.385–2.688); GG, abnormal BMI, and no alcohol drinking (OR, 95% CI, = 1.721, 1.442–2.052); GG, abnormal BMI, and alcohol drinking (OR, 95% CI = 1.941, 1.501–2.511); GA+AA, normal BMI, and alcohol drinking (OR, 95% CI = 1.971, 1.167–3.327); GA+AA, abnormal BMI, and no alcohol drinking (OR, 95% CI = 1.498, 1.256–1.586); and GA+AA, abnormal BMI, and alcohol drinking (OR, 95% CI = 1.545, 1.088–2.194). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol and abnormal BMI were associated with a higher risk of gout, whereas the rs671 GA+AA genotype was associated with a lower risk. Noteworthy, BMI and alcohol had a significant interaction on gout risk. Stratified analyses revealed that alcohol drinking especially among normal-weight individuals might elevate the risk of gout irrespective of the genotype.