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Transcriptional profiles in Strongyloides stercoralis males reveal deviations from the Caenorhabditis sex determination model

The human and canine parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis utilizes an XX/XO sex determination system, with parasitic females reproducing by mitotic parthenogenesis and free-living males and females reproducing sexually. However, the genes controlling S. stercoralis sex determination and male...

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Autores principales: Gonzalez Akimori, Damia, Dalessandro, Emily J., Nolan, Thomas J., Stieha, Christopher R., Lok, James B., Stoltzfus, Jonathan D. C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8050236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33859232
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87478-3
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author Gonzalez Akimori, Damia
Dalessandro, Emily J.
Nolan, Thomas J.
Stieha, Christopher R.
Lok, James B.
Stoltzfus, Jonathan D. C.
author_facet Gonzalez Akimori, Damia
Dalessandro, Emily J.
Nolan, Thomas J.
Stieha, Christopher R.
Lok, James B.
Stoltzfus, Jonathan D. C.
author_sort Gonzalez Akimori, Damia
collection PubMed
description The human and canine parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis utilizes an XX/XO sex determination system, with parasitic females reproducing by mitotic parthenogenesis and free-living males and females reproducing sexually. However, the genes controlling S. stercoralis sex determination and male development are unknown. We observed precocious development of rhabditiform males in permissive hosts treated with corticosteroids, suggesting that steroid hormones can regulate male development. To examine differences in transcript abundance between free-living adult males and other developmental stages, we utilized RNA-Seq. We found two clusters of S. stercoralis-specific genes encoding predicted transmembrane proteins that are only expressed in free-living males. We additionally identified homologs of several genes important for sex determination in Caenorhabditis species, including mab-3, tra-1, fem-2, and sex-1, which may have similar functions. However, we identified three paralogs of gld-1; Ss-qki-1 transcripts were highly abundant in adult males, while Ss-qki-2 and Ss-qki-3 transcripts were highly abundant in adult females. We also identified paralogs of pumilio domain-containing proteins with sex-specific transcripts. Intriguingly, her-1 appears to have been lost in several parasite lineages, and we were unable to identify homologs of tra-2 outside of Caenorhabditis species. Together, our data suggest that different mechanisms control male development in S. stercoralis and Caenorhabditis species.
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spelling pubmed-80502362021-04-16 Transcriptional profiles in Strongyloides stercoralis males reveal deviations from the Caenorhabditis sex determination model Gonzalez Akimori, Damia Dalessandro, Emily J. Nolan, Thomas J. Stieha, Christopher R. Lok, James B. Stoltzfus, Jonathan D. C. Sci Rep Article The human and canine parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis utilizes an XX/XO sex determination system, with parasitic females reproducing by mitotic parthenogenesis and free-living males and females reproducing sexually. However, the genes controlling S. stercoralis sex determination and male development are unknown. We observed precocious development of rhabditiform males in permissive hosts treated with corticosteroids, suggesting that steroid hormones can regulate male development. To examine differences in transcript abundance between free-living adult males and other developmental stages, we utilized RNA-Seq. We found two clusters of S. stercoralis-specific genes encoding predicted transmembrane proteins that are only expressed in free-living males. We additionally identified homologs of several genes important for sex determination in Caenorhabditis species, including mab-3, tra-1, fem-2, and sex-1, which may have similar functions. However, we identified three paralogs of gld-1; Ss-qki-1 transcripts were highly abundant in adult males, while Ss-qki-2 and Ss-qki-3 transcripts were highly abundant in adult females. We also identified paralogs of pumilio domain-containing proteins with sex-specific transcripts. Intriguingly, her-1 appears to have been lost in several parasite lineages, and we were unable to identify homologs of tra-2 outside of Caenorhabditis species. Together, our data suggest that different mechanisms control male development in S. stercoralis and Caenorhabditis species. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-04-15 /pmc/articles/PMC8050236/ /pubmed/33859232 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87478-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Gonzalez Akimori, Damia
Dalessandro, Emily J.
Nolan, Thomas J.
Stieha, Christopher R.
Lok, James B.
Stoltzfus, Jonathan D. C.
Transcriptional profiles in Strongyloides stercoralis males reveal deviations from the Caenorhabditis sex determination model
title Transcriptional profiles in Strongyloides stercoralis males reveal deviations from the Caenorhabditis sex determination model
title_full Transcriptional profiles in Strongyloides stercoralis males reveal deviations from the Caenorhabditis sex determination model
title_fullStr Transcriptional profiles in Strongyloides stercoralis males reveal deviations from the Caenorhabditis sex determination model
title_full_unstemmed Transcriptional profiles in Strongyloides stercoralis males reveal deviations from the Caenorhabditis sex determination model
title_short Transcriptional profiles in Strongyloides stercoralis males reveal deviations from the Caenorhabditis sex determination model
title_sort transcriptional profiles in strongyloides stercoralis males reveal deviations from the caenorhabditis sex determination model
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8050236/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33859232
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-87478-3
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