Mortality outcomes with hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine in COVID-19 from an international collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials

Substantial COVID-19 research investment has been allocated to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, which currently face recruitment challenges or early discontinuation. We aim to estimate the effects of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on survival in COVID-19 from...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Axfors, Cathrine, Schmitt, Andreas M., Janiaud, Perrine, van’t Hooft, Janneke, Abd-Elsalam, Sherief, Abdo, Ehab F., Abella, Benjamin S., Akram, Javed, Amaravadi, Ravi K., Angus, Derek C., Arabi, Yaseen M., Azhar, Shehnoor, Baden, Lindsey R., Baker, Arthur W., Belkhir, Leila, Benfield, Thomas, Berrevoets, Marvin A. H., Chen, Cheng-Pin, Chen, Tsung-Chia, Cheng, Shu-Hsing, Cheng, Chien-Yu, Chung, Wei-Sheng, Cohen, Yehuda Z., Cowan, Lisa N., Dalgard, Olav, de Almeida e Val, Fernando F., de Lacerda, Marcus V. G., de Melo, Gisely C., Derde, Lennie, Dubee, Vincent, Elfakir, Anissa, Gordon, Anthony C., Hernandez-Cardenas, Carmen M., Hills, Thomas, Hoepelman, Andy I. M., Huang, Yi-Wen, Igau, Bruno, Jin, Ronghua, Jurado-Camacho, Felipe, Khan, Khalid S., Kremsner, Peter G., Kreuels, Benno, Kuo, Cheng-Yu, Le, Thuy, Lin, Yi-Chun, Lin, Wu-Pu, Lin, Tse-Hung, Lyngbakken, Magnus Nakrem, McArthur, Colin, McVerry, Bryan J., Meza-Meneses, Patricia, Monteiro, Wuelton M., Morpeth, Susan C., Mourad, Ahmad, Mulligan, Mark J., Murthy, Srinivas, Naggie, Susanna, Narayanasamy, Shanti, Nichol, Alistair, Novack, Lewis A., O’Brien, Sean M., Okeke, Nwora Lance, Perez, Léna, Perez-Padilla, Rogelio, Perrin, Laurent, Remigio-Luna, Arantxa, Rivera-Martinez, Norma E., Rockhold, Frank W., Rodriguez-Llamazares, Sebastian, Rolfe, Robert, Rosa, Rossana, Røsjø, Helge, Sampaio, Vanderson S., Seto, Todd B., Shahzad, Muhammad, Soliman, Shaimaa, Stout, Jason E., Thirion-Romero, Ireri, Troxel, Andrea B., Tseng, Ting-Yu, Turner, Nicholas A., Ulrich, Robert J., Walsh, Stephen R., Webb, Steve A., Weehuizen, Jesper M., Velinova, Maria, Wong, Hon-Lai, Wrenn, Rebekah, Zampieri, Fernando G., Zhong, Wu, Moher, David, Goodman, Steven N., Ioannidis, John P. A., Hemkens, Lars G.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2021
Materias:
Article
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8050319/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33859192
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-22446-z
Descripción
Sumario:Substantial COVID-19 research investment has been allocated to randomized clinical trials (RCTs) on hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine, which currently face recruitment challenges or early discontinuation. We aim to estimate the effects of hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine on survival in COVID-19 from all currently available RCT evidence, published and unpublished. We present a rapid meta-analysis of ongoing, completed, or discontinued RCTs on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine treatment for any COVID-19 patients (protocol: https://osf.io/QESV4/). We systematically identified unpublished RCTs (ClinicalTrials.gov, WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Cochrane COVID-registry up to June 11, 2020), and published RCTs (PubMed, medRxiv and bioRxiv up to October 16, 2020). All-cause mortality has been extracted (publications/preprints) or requested from investigators and combined in random-effects meta-analyses, calculating odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), separately for hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. Prespecified subgroup analyses include patient setting, diagnostic confirmation, control type, and publication status. Sixty-three trials were potentially eligible. We included 14 unpublished trials (1308 patients) and 14 publications/preprints (9011 patients). Results for hydroxychloroquine are dominated by RECOVERY and WHO SOLIDARITY, two highly pragmatic trials, which employed relatively high doses and included 4716 and 1853 patients, respectively (67% of the total sample size). The combined OR on all-cause mortality for hydroxychloroquine is 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.20; I² = 0%; 26 trials; 10,012 patients) and for chloroquine 1.77 (95%CI: 0.15, 21.13, I² = 0%; 4 trials; 307 patients). We identified no subgroup effects. We found that treatment with hydroxychloroquine is associated with increased mortality in COVID-19 patients, and there is no benefit of chloroquine. Findings have unclear generalizability to outpatients, children, pregnant women, and people with comorbidities.

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