Original Article--Value of Pathological Q Waves and Angiographic Collateral Grade in Patients Undergoing Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion Recanalization: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Study

BACKGROUND/AIM: Successful coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) revascularization was found by many studies to be associated with improved left ventricular (LV) systolic function and survival if evidence of viability is present. Little is known about the association of CTO revascularization in patients with electrocardiographic Q waves and improvement in angina burden as a measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) afterwards. METHODS: In this study, 100 patients with single vessel CTO were included. Myocardial viability was tested by late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) on cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and 50 patients showed evidence of viability. Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores were used as a measure of HRQOL. RESULTS: Pathological Q waves were present in 48 patients (including 19 patients with viable CTO territory) out of 100 patients. Patients with Q waves tended to have worse Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores compared to those with no Q waves (31.2 ± 11.7 vs 45.3 ± 13.9 respectively, p = 0.002), worse LV systolic function and wall motion score index (WMSI) on CMR. They also had significantly less prevalence of viability (p < 0.001). Patients with Q waves and positive viability had lower SAQ scores (37.2 ± 10.1 vs 52.7 ± 13.2 respectively, p = 0.02), higher LVEF and lower WMSI. They also had well developed collateral grade (2.1 ± 1.03 vs 0.7 ± 0.82 respectively, p < 0.001). After successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), in the viable LV group, presence of Q waves was not associated with better LV functional recovery, while those with higher collateral grades were more likely to have better LV functional recovery post CTO-PCI. Patients with Q waves and viable CTO territory showed significantly better SAQ scores compared to pre-PCI (87.3 ± 12.2 vs 37.2 ± 10.1 respectively, p < 0.001). For angina frequency, post–PCI score was 80.2 ± 7.9 compared to 39.2 ± 7.1 before PCI, p < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis showed that pathological Q waves, Rentrop's collateral grade and the Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) angina class before PCI were the most significant independent predictors of improved HRQOL as reflected by SAQ (OR for Q waves 7.83, 95% CI 1.62–18.91,p 0.003), (OR for Rentrop's collateral grade 8.31,95% CI 2.21–26.33, p < 0.001), (OR for CCS class 8.39, 95% CI 1.21–20.8, p 0.01). CONCLUSION: Well-developed collateral circulation could independently predict LV functional recovery after CTO-PCI. Patients with Q waves and viable CTO territory tend to have higher CCS class before revascularization and get significant improvement of HRQOL after PCI. Other predictors of improved HRQOL are Rentrop's collateral grade and worse CCS class before PCI.