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Establishing defined daily doses (DDDs) for antimicrobial agents used in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and comparing them with European DDD values

Monitoring of antimicrobial use is essential in the management of the development and selection of antimicrobial resistance. A variety of indicators has become available to monitor antimicrobial use in human and animal medicine. One of them is an indicator based on defined daily dose (DDD). By using...

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Autores principales: Fujimoto, Kyoko, Kawasaki, Mai, Abe, Reiko, Yokoyama, Takashi, Haga, Takeshi, Sugiura, Katsuaki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8051781/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33861745
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245105
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author Fujimoto, Kyoko
Kawasaki, Mai
Abe, Reiko
Yokoyama, Takashi
Haga, Takeshi
Sugiura, Katsuaki
author_facet Fujimoto, Kyoko
Kawasaki, Mai
Abe, Reiko
Yokoyama, Takashi
Haga, Takeshi
Sugiura, Katsuaki
author_sort Fujimoto, Kyoko
collection PubMed
description Monitoring of antimicrobial use is essential in the management of the development and selection of antimicrobial resistance. A variety of indicators has become available to monitor antimicrobial use in human and animal medicine. One of them is an indicator based on defined daily dose (DDD). By using the number of DDDs administered and normalising it by the population at risk of being treated over a defined period, one can estimate the number of treatment days with antimicrobial agents in a population. For veterinary medicine, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has published the European values of DDD (DDDvet) for food-producing animals. In this study, we defined Japanese defined daily doses for antimicrobial agents (DDDjp) using DDD values that we previously assigned for antimicrobial products approved for use in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and compared them with DDDvet values. For the comparison, the quotient of Japanese and European values (QDDD) was calculated and the effect of the administration route and the number of active substances contained in the preparation was investigated. A total of 59 DDDjp values were defined for 43 antimicrobial agents using the data of 276 products approved for use in pigs. Likewise, a total of 55 DDDjp values were defined for 32 antimicrobial agents using the data of 196 products for use in cattle, and a total of 27 DDDjps values were defined for 25 antimicrobial agents using the data of 131 products approved for use in poultry. A comparison was made for 42, 28 and 17 pairs of DDDjp and DDDvet values for antimicrobial agents used for pigs, cattle and poultry respectively. The comparison showed median QDDD value of 0.61 and 0.66 for antimicrobial agents used for pigs and cattle respectively (p<0.01), indicating that the Japanese daily doses are significantly lower than the corresponding EMA values in these species. For the antimicrobial agents used for poultry, no significant difference was observed between DDDjp and DDDvet values with a median QDDD value of 1.15. The difference between DDDvet and DDDjp values and absence of DDDvet values for some antimicrobial agents marketed in Japan indicate that DDDjp rather than DDDvet should be used as the basis for the calculation of antimicrobial use monitoring in farm animals in Japan.
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spelling pubmed-80517812021-04-28 Establishing defined daily doses (DDDs) for antimicrobial agents used in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and comparing them with European DDD values Fujimoto, Kyoko Kawasaki, Mai Abe, Reiko Yokoyama, Takashi Haga, Takeshi Sugiura, Katsuaki PLoS One Research Article Monitoring of antimicrobial use is essential in the management of the development and selection of antimicrobial resistance. A variety of indicators has become available to monitor antimicrobial use in human and animal medicine. One of them is an indicator based on defined daily dose (DDD). By using the number of DDDs administered and normalising it by the population at risk of being treated over a defined period, one can estimate the number of treatment days with antimicrobial agents in a population. For veterinary medicine, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) has published the European values of DDD (DDDvet) for food-producing animals. In this study, we defined Japanese defined daily doses for antimicrobial agents (DDDjp) using DDD values that we previously assigned for antimicrobial products approved for use in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and compared them with DDDvet values. For the comparison, the quotient of Japanese and European values (QDDD) was calculated and the effect of the administration route and the number of active substances contained in the preparation was investigated. A total of 59 DDDjp values were defined for 43 antimicrobial agents using the data of 276 products approved for use in pigs. Likewise, a total of 55 DDDjp values were defined for 32 antimicrobial agents using the data of 196 products for use in cattle, and a total of 27 DDDjps values were defined for 25 antimicrobial agents using the data of 131 products approved for use in poultry. A comparison was made for 42, 28 and 17 pairs of DDDjp and DDDvet values for antimicrobial agents used for pigs, cattle and poultry respectively. The comparison showed median QDDD value of 0.61 and 0.66 for antimicrobial agents used for pigs and cattle respectively (p<0.01), indicating that the Japanese daily doses are significantly lower than the corresponding EMA values in these species. For the antimicrobial agents used for poultry, no significant difference was observed between DDDjp and DDDvet values with a median QDDD value of 1.15. The difference between DDDvet and DDDjp values and absence of DDDvet values for some antimicrobial agents marketed in Japan indicate that DDDjp rather than DDDvet should be used as the basis for the calculation of antimicrobial use monitoring in farm animals in Japan. Public Library of Science 2021-04-16 /pmc/articles/PMC8051781/ /pubmed/33861745 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245105 Text en © 2021 Fujimoto et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Fujimoto, Kyoko
Kawasaki, Mai
Abe, Reiko
Yokoyama, Takashi
Haga, Takeshi
Sugiura, Katsuaki
Establishing defined daily doses (DDDs) for antimicrobial agents used in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and comparing them with European DDD values
title Establishing defined daily doses (DDDs) for antimicrobial agents used in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and comparing them with European DDD values
title_full Establishing defined daily doses (DDDs) for antimicrobial agents used in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and comparing them with European DDD values
title_fullStr Establishing defined daily doses (DDDs) for antimicrobial agents used in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and comparing them with European DDD values
title_full_unstemmed Establishing defined daily doses (DDDs) for antimicrobial agents used in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and comparing them with European DDD values
title_short Establishing defined daily doses (DDDs) for antimicrobial agents used in pigs, cattle and poultry in Japan and comparing them with European DDD values
title_sort establishing defined daily doses (ddds) for antimicrobial agents used in pigs, cattle and poultry in japan and comparing them with european ddd values
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8051781/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33861745
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245105
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