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The Unique Immunomodulatory Properties of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Organ Transplantation
Methods for suppressing the host immune system over the long term and improving transplantation tolerance remain a primary issue in organ transplantation. Cell therapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for immunomodulation after transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8055852/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33889158 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.659621 |
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author | Zheng, Qingyuan Zhang, Shuijun Guo, Wen-Zhi Li, Xiao-Kang |
author_facet | Zheng, Qingyuan Zhang, Shuijun Guo, Wen-Zhi Li, Xiao-Kang |
author_sort | Zheng, Qingyuan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Methods for suppressing the host immune system over the long term and improving transplantation tolerance remain a primary issue in organ transplantation. Cell therapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for immunomodulation after transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells with wide differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties, which are mostly used in regenerative medicine and immunomodulation. In addition, emerging research suggests that MSC-derived exosomes have the same therapeutic effects as MSCs in many diseases, while avoiding many of the risks associated with cell transplantation. Their unique immunomodulatory properties are particularly important in the immune system-overactive graft environment. In this paper, we review the effects of MSC-derived exosomes in the immune regulation mechanism after organ transplantation and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) from various perspectives, including immunosuppression, influencing factors, anti-inflammatory properties, mediation of tissue repair and regeneration, and the induction of immune tolerance. At present, the great potential of MSC-derived exosomes in immunotherapy has attracted a great deal of attention. Furthermore, we discuss the latest insights on MSC-derived exosomes in organ transplantation and GvHD, especially its commercial production concepts, which aim to provide new strategies for improving the prognosis of organ transplantation patients. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8055852 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80558522021-04-21 The Unique Immunomodulatory Properties of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Organ Transplantation Zheng, Qingyuan Zhang, Shuijun Guo, Wen-Zhi Li, Xiao-Kang Front Immunol Immunology Methods for suppressing the host immune system over the long term and improving transplantation tolerance remain a primary issue in organ transplantation. Cell therapy is an emerging therapeutic strategy for immunomodulation after transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells with wide differentiation potential and immunosuppressive properties, which are mostly used in regenerative medicine and immunomodulation. In addition, emerging research suggests that MSC-derived exosomes have the same therapeutic effects as MSCs in many diseases, while avoiding many of the risks associated with cell transplantation. Their unique immunomodulatory properties are particularly important in the immune system-overactive graft environment. In this paper, we review the effects of MSC-derived exosomes in the immune regulation mechanism after organ transplantation and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) from various perspectives, including immunosuppression, influencing factors, anti-inflammatory properties, mediation of tissue repair and regeneration, and the induction of immune tolerance. At present, the great potential of MSC-derived exosomes in immunotherapy has attracted a great deal of attention. Furthermore, we discuss the latest insights on MSC-derived exosomes in organ transplantation and GvHD, especially its commercial production concepts, which aim to provide new strategies for improving the prognosis of organ transplantation patients. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8055852/ /pubmed/33889158 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.659621 Text en Copyright © 2021 Zheng, Zhang, Guo and Li. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Immunology Zheng, Qingyuan Zhang, Shuijun Guo, Wen-Zhi Li, Xiao-Kang The Unique Immunomodulatory Properties of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Organ Transplantation |
title | The Unique Immunomodulatory Properties of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Organ Transplantation |
title_full | The Unique Immunomodulatory Properties of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Organ Transplantation |
title_fullStr | The Unique Immunomodulatory Properties of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Organ Transplantation |
title_full_unstemmed | The Unique Immunomodulatory Properties of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Organ Transplantation |
title_short | The Unique Immunomodulatory Properties of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Organ Transplantation |
title_sort | unique immunomodulatory properties of msc-derived exosomes in organ transplantation |
topic | Immunology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8055852/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33889158 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.659621 |
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