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Analyzing the Loss and the Recovery of Consciousness: Functional Connectivity Patterns and Changes in Heart Rate Variability During Propofol-Induced Anesthesia
The analysis of the central and the autonomic nervous systems (CNS, ANS) activities during general anesthesia (GA) provides fundamental information for the study of neural processes that support alterations of the consciousness level. In the present pilot study, we analyzed EEG signals and the heart...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8055941/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33889078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.652080 |
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author | Sattin, Davide Duran, Dunja Visintini, Sergio Schiaffi, Elena Panzica, Ferruccio Carozzi, Carla Rossi Sebastiano, Davide Visani, Elisa Tobaldini, Eleonora Carandina, Angelica Citterio, Valeria Magnani, Francesca Giulia Cacciatore, Martina Orena, Eleonora Montano, Nicola Caldiroli, Dario Franceschetti, Silvana Picozzi, Mario Matilde, Leonardi |
author_facet | Sattin, Davide Duran, Dunja Visintini, Sergio Schiaffi, Elena Panzica, Ferruccio Carozzi, Carla Rossi Sebastiano, Davide Visani, Elisa Tobaldini, Eleonora Carandina, Angelica Citterio, Valeria Magnani, Francesca Giulia Cacciatore, Martina Orena, Eleonora Montano, Nicola Caldiroli, Dario Franceschetti, Silvana Picozzi, Mario Matilde, Leonardi |
author_sort | Sattin, Davide |
collection | PubMed |
description | The analysis of the central and the autonomic nervous systems (CNS, ANS) activities during general anesthesia (GA) provides fundamental information for the study of neural processes that support alterations of the consciousness level. In the present pilot study, we analyzed EEG signals and the heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) in a sample of 11 patients undergoing spinal surgery to investigate their CNS and ANS activities during GA obtained with propofol administration. Data were analyzed during different stages of GA: baseline, the first period of anesthetic induction, the period before the loss of consciousness, the first period after propofol discontinuation, and the period before the recovery of consciousness (ROC). In EEG spectral analysis, we found a decrease in posterior alpha and beta power in all cortical areas observed, except the occipital ones, and an increase in delta power, mainly during the induction phase. In EEG connectivity analysis, we found a significant increase of local efficiency index in alpha and delta bands between baseline and loss of consciousness as well as between baseline and ROC in delta band only and a significant reduction of the characteristic path length in alpha band between the baseline and ROC. Moreover, connectivity results showed that in the alpha band there was mainly a progressive increase in the number and in the strength of incoming connections in the frontal region, while in the beta band the parietal region showed mainly a significant increase in the number and in the strength of outcoming connections values. The HRV analysis showed that the induction of anesthesia with propofol was associated with a progressive decrease in complexity and a consequent increase in the regularity indexes and that the anesthetic procedure determined bradycardia which was accompanied by an increase in cardiac sympathetic modulation and a decrease in cardiac parasympathetic modulation during the induction. Overall, the results of this pilot study showed as propofol-induced anesthesia caused modifications on EEG signal, leading to a “rebalance” between long and short-range cortical connections, and had a direct effect on the cardiac system. Our data suggest interesting perspectives for the interactions between the central and autonomic nervous systems for the modulation of the consciousness level. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8055941 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80559412021-04-21 Analyzing the Loss and the Recovery of Consciousness: Functional Connectivity Patterns and Changes in Heart Rate Variability During Propofol-Induced Anesthesia Sattin, Davide Duran, Dunja Visintini, Sergio Schiaffi, Elena Panzica, Ferruccio Carozzi, Carla Rossi Sebastiano, Davide Visani, Elisa Tobaldini, Eleonora Carandina, Angelica Citterio, Valeria Magnani, Francesca Giulia Cacciatore, Martina Orena, Eleonora Montano, Nicola Caldiroli, Dario Franceschetti, Silvana Picozzi, Mario Matilde, Leonardi Front Syst Neurosci Neuroscience The analysis of the central and the autonomic nervous systems (CNS, ANS) activities during general anesthesia (GA) provides fundamental information for the study of neural processes that support alterations of the consciousness level. In the present pilot study, we analyzed EEG signals and the heart rate (HR) variability (HRV) in a sample of 11 patients undergoing spinal surgery to investigate their CNS and ANS activities during GA obtained with propofol administration. Data were analyzed during different stages of GA: baseline, the first period of anesthetic induction, the period before the loss of consciousness, the first period after propofol discontinuation, and the period before the recovery of consciousness (ROC). In EEG spectral analysis, we found a decrease in posterior alpha and beta power in all cortical areas observed, except the occipital ones, and an increase in delta power, mainly during the induction phase. In EEG connectivity analysis, we found a significant increase of local efficiency index in alpha and delta bands between baseline and loss of consciousness as well as between baseline and ROC in delta band only and a significant reduction of the characteristic path length in alpha band between the baseline and ROC. Moreover, connectivity results showed that in the alpha band there was mainly a progressive increase in the number and in the strength of incoming connections in the frontal region, while in the beta band the parietal region showed mainly a significant increase in the number and in the strength of outcoming connections values. The HRV analysis showed that the induction of anesthesia with propofol was associated with a progressive decrease in complexity and a consequent increase in the regularity indexes and that the anesthetic procedure determined bradycardia which was accompanied by an increase in cardiac sympathetic modulation and a decrease in cardiac parasympathetic modulation during the induction. Overall, the results of this pilot study showed as propofol-induced anesthesia caused modifications on EEG signal, leading to a “rebalance” between long and short-range cortical connections, and had a direct effect on the cardiac system. Our data suggest interesting perspectives for the interactions between the central and autonomic nervous systems for the modulation of the consciousness level. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-04-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8055941/ /pubmed/33889078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.652080 Text en Copyright © 2021 Sattin, Duran, Visintini, Schiaffi, Panzica, Carozzi, Rossi Sebastiano, Visani, Tobaldini, Carandina, Citterio, Magnani, Cacciatore, Orena, Montano, Caldiroli, Franceschetti, Picozzi and Matilde. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Sattin, Davide Duran, Dunja Visintini, Sergio Schiaffi, Elena Panzica, Ferruccio Carozzi, Carla Rossi Sebastiano, Davide Visani, Elisa Tobaldini, Eleonora Carandina, Angelica Citterio, Valeria Magnani, Francesca Giulia Cacciatore, Martina Orena, Eleonora Montano, Nicola Caldiroli, Dario Franceschetti, Silvana Picozzi, Mario Matilde, Leonardi Analyzing the Loss and the Recovery of Consciousness: Functional Connectivity Patterns and Changes in Heart Rate Variability During Propofol-Induced Anesthesia |
title | Analyzing the Loss and the Recovery of Consciousness: Functional Connectivity Patterns and Changes in Heart Rate Variability During Propofol-Induced Anesthesia |
title_full | Analyzing the Loss and the Recovery of Consciousness: Functional Connectivity Patterns and Changes in Heart Rate Variability During Propofol-Induced Anesthesia |
title_fullStr | Analyzing the Loss and the Recovery of Consciousness: Functional Connectivity Patterns and Changes in Heart Rate Variability During Propofol-Induced Anesthesia |
title_full_unstemmed | Analyzing the Loss and the Recovery of Consciousness: Functional Connectivity Patterns and Changes in Heart Rate Variability During Propofol-Induced Anesthesia |
title_short | Analyzing the Loss and the Recovery of Consciousness: Functional Connectivity Patterns and Changes in Heart Rate Variability During Propofol-Induced Anesthesia |
title_sort | analyzing the loss and the recovery of consciousness: functional connectivity patterns and changes in heart rate variability during propofol-induced anesthesia |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8055941/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33889078 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2021.652080 |
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