Rapid improvement in vitamin D status with dietary 25-hydroxycholecalciferol in vitamin D insufficient dogs

Vitamin D insufficiency is associated with various disease processes. We determined whether consumption of a diet supplemented with HyD(®), a 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25(OH)D(3)) source, would safely increase plasma 25(OH)D(3) concentrations in Golden Retrievers with low vitamin D status. We hypothesised that dietary supplementation with HyD(®) would rapidly increase and sustain plasma 25(OH)D(3) levels in healthy Golden Retrievers with low vitamin D status compared with supplementation with vitamin D(3). Of fifty-seven privately owned dogs recruited with written owner consent, eighteen dogs with low vitamin D status were identified and sorted between two groups to have similar initial plasma 25(OH)D(3) concentrations, sex distributions, ages and body weights. Dogs of each group were fed a dry dog food supplemented with either 16 μg/kg of 25(OH)D(3) as HyD(®) (n 10) or 81 μg/kg of cholecalciferol (D(3)) (n 8) for 4 months. Plasma 25(OH)D(3) concentrations were determined monthly. A significant time effect (P < 0⋅001) and time by group interaction (P = 0⋅0045) were found for monthly determined plasma 25(OH)D(3) concentrations. Dogs fed the HyD(®)-supplemented diet experienced a 40⋅5 % rise in plasma 25(OH)D(3) values after 1 month (P < 0⋅001) and no change thereafter. Plasma 25(OH)D(3) values of dogs supplemented with vitamin D(3) did not increase (P > 0⋅05) and were less than values of dogs supplemented with HyD(®) (P = 0⋅044). With few exceptions, average haematologic, biochemical and urinalyses results remained within the reference range for both groups. Dietary supplementation with HyD(®) is sufficient to safely increase and sustain plasma 25(OH)D(3) levels in healthy dogs.