Cargando…

Die Pellagra – vor 250 Jahren im Kaisertum Österreich erstmals beschrieben, wurde sie zu einer lebensbedrohenden Endemie in einigen Provinzen

Pellagra is characterized by “dermatitis – diarrhea – dementia – death”. Various causes were discussed over the course of two centuries. The initial presumption was that the sun caused changes in exposed areas of the body. The “Zeïsts” blamed the maize (corn), which forms the main constituent in the...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autor principal: Flamm, Heinz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Vienna 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8060190/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33881635
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00508-021-01840-z
_version_ 1783681310835867648
author Flamm, Heinz
author_facet Flamm, Heinz
author_sort Flamm, Heinz
collection PubMed
description Pellagra is characterized by “dermatitis – diarrhea – dementia – death”. Various causes were discussed over the course of two centuries. The initial presumption was that the sun caused changes in exposed areas of the body. The “Zeïsts” blamed the maize (corn), which forms the main constituent in the diet of poor peoples, for being an insufficient nutrient and thus causing the pellagra in such indigent populations. The “Toxikozeïsts”, however, regarded toxins produced by innocuous bacteria and fungi in unripe or in ripe but badly stored maize or in maize flour or in poorly baked maize bread as the cause of pellagra. Pellagra as an allergic disease was also discussed. Self-experiments of Goldberger’s group in 1916 and finally Elvehjem’s detection of niacin deficiency in maize in 1937 solved the problem. In the Austrian empire and (from 1867 on) in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, pellagra was diagnosed and combated in the provinces of Küstenland, Tirolia and Bukovina and in Hungary. Originally believing in the noxiousness of maize in the poor population, extensive measures were planned and partially executed. Primarily measures for providing salubrious maize products were planned for the population, such as public bakeries and eating houses, kilns and storage houses for maize. For the treatment of pellagra patients, so-called pellagrosaria and auxiliary hospitals were established and the number of general practitioners was increased. It was also important to educate the population about preventing pellagra by consuming proper food. Pellagra funds to sustain the measures were established. In the provinces, pellagra commissions, chaired by the governor and consisting of twelve experts of the relevant medical branches, were appointed as an advisory and expert body.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8060190
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher Springer Vienna
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-80601902021-05-05 Die Pellagra – vor 250 Jahren im Kaisertum Österreich erstmals beschrieben, wurde sie zu einer lebensbedrohenden Endemie in einigen Provinzen Flamm, Heinz Wien Klin Wochenschr Originalarbeit Pellagra is characterized by “dermatitis – diarrhea – dementia – death”. Various causes were discussed over the course of two centuries. The initial presumption was that the sun caused changes in exposed areas of the body. The “Zeïsts” blamed the maize (corn), which forms the main constituent in the diet of poor peoples, for being an insufficient nutrient and thus causing the pellagra in such indigent populations. The “Toxikozeïsts”, however, regarded toxins produced by innocuous bacteria and fungi in unripe or in ripe but badly stored maize or in maize flour or in poorly baked maize bread as the cause of pellagra. Pellagra as an allergic disease was also discussed. Self-experiments of Goldberger’s group in 1916 and finally Elvehjem’s detection of niacin deficiency in maize in 1937 solved the problem. In the Austrian empire and (from 1867 on) in the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, pellagra was diagnosed and combated in the provinces of Küstenland, Tirolia and Bukovina and in Hungary. Originally believing in the noxiousness of maize in the poor population, extensive measures were planned and partially executed. Primarily measures for providing salubrious maize products were planned for the population, such as public bakeries and eating houses, kilns and storage houses for maize. For the treatment of pellagra patients, so-called pellagrosaria and auxiliary hospitals were established and the number of general practitioners was increased. It was also important to educate the population about preventing pellagra by consuming proper food. Pellagra funds to sustain the measures were established. In the provinces, pellagra commissions, chaired by the governor and consisting of twelve experts of the relevant medical branches, were appointed as an advisory and expert body. Springer Vienna 2021-04-21 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8060190/ /pubmed/33881635 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00508-021-01840-z Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access Dieser Artikel wird unter der Creative Commons Namensnennung 4.0 International Lizenz veröffentlicht, welche die Nutzung, Vervielfältigung, Bearbeitung, Verbreitung und Wiedergabe in jeglichem Medium und Format erlaubt, sofern Sie den/die ursprünglichen Autor(en) und die Quelle ordnungsgemäß nennen, einen Link zur Creative Commons Lizenz beifügen und angeben, ob Änderungen vorgenommen wurden. Die in diesem Artikel enthaltenen Bilder und sonstiges Drittmaterial unterliegen ebenfalls der genannten Creative Commons Lizenz, sofern sich aus der Abbildungslegende nichts anderes ergibt. Sofern das betreffende Material nicht unter der genannten Creative Commons Lizenz steht und die betreffende Handlung nicht nach gesetzlichen Vorschriften erlaubt ist, ist für die oben aufgeführten Weiterverwendungen des Materials die Einwilligung des jeweiligen Rechteinhabers einzuholen. Weitere Details zur Lizenz entnehmen Sie bitte der Lizenzinformation auf http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/deed.de (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Originalarbeit
Flamm, Heinz
Die Pellagra – vor 250 Jahren im Kaisertum Österreich erstmals beschrieben, wurde sie zu einer lebensbedrohenden Endemie in einigen Provinzen
title Die Pellagra – vor 250 Jahren im Kaisertum Österreich erstmals beschrieben, wurde sie zu einer lebensbedrohenden Endemie in einigen Provinzen
title_full Die Pellagra – vor 250 Jahren im Kaisertum Österreich erstmals beschrieben, wurde sie zu einer lebensbedrohenden Endemie in einigen Provinzen
title_fullStr Die Pellagra – vor 250 Jahren im Kaisertum Österreich erstmals beschrieben, wurde sie zu einer lebensbedrohenden Endemie in einigen Provinzen
title_full_unstemmed Die Pellagra – vor 250 Jahren im Kaisertum Österreich erstmals beschrieben, wurde sie zu einer lebensbedrohenden Endemie in einigen Provinzen
title_short Die Pellagra – vor 250 Jahren im Kaisertum Österreich erstmals beschrieben, wurde sie zu einer lebensbedrohenden Endemie in einigen Provinzen
title_sort die pellagra – vor 250 jahren im kaisertum österreich erstmals beschrieben, wurde sie zu einer lebensbedrohenden endemie in einigen provinzen
topic Originalarbeit
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8060190/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33881635
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00508-021-01840-z
work_keys_str_mv AT flammheinz diepellagravor250jahrenimkaisertumosterreicherstmalsbeschriebenwurdesiezueinerlebensbedrohendenendemieineinigenprovinzen