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Determinants of water source use, quality of water, sanitation and hygiene perceptions among urban households in North-West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Clean water is an essential part of human healthy life and wellbeing. More recently, rapid population growth, high illiteracy rate, lack of sustainable development, and climate change; faces a global challenge in developing countries. The discontinuity of drinking water supply forces hou...

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Autores principales: Gebremichael, Shewayiref Geremew, Yismaw, Emebet, Tsegaw, Belete Dejen, Shibeshi, Adeladilew Dires
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8062053/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33886565
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239502
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author Gebremichael, Shewayiref Geremew
Yismaw, Emebet
Tsegaw, Belete Dejen
Shibeshi, Adeladilew Dires
author_facet Gebremichael, Shewayiref Geremew
Yismaw, Emebet
Tsegaw, Belete Dejen
Shibeshi, Adeladilew Dires
author_sort Gebremichael, Shewayiref Geremew
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Clean water is an essential part of human healthy life and wellbeing. More recently, rapid population growth, high illiteracy rate, lack of sustainable development, and climate change; faces a global challenge in developing countries. The discontinuity of drinking water supply forces households either to use unsafe water storage materials or to use water from unsafe sources. The present study aimed to identify the determinants of water source types, use, quality of water, and sanitation perception of physical parameters among urban households in North-West Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among households from February to March 2019. An interview-based a pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data collection samples were selected randomly and proportional to each of the kebeles’ households. MS Excel and R Version 3.6.2 were used to enter and analyze the data; respectively. Descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages were used to explain the sample data concerning the predictor variable. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association between independent and response variables. RESULTS: Four hundred eighteen (418) households have participated. Based on the study undertaken,78.95% of households used improved and 21.05% of households used unimproved drinking water sources. Households drinking water sources were significantly associated with the age of the participant (x(2) = 20.392, df = 3), educational status (x(2) = 19.358, df = 4), source of income (x(2) = 21.777, df = 3), monthly income (x(2) = 13.322, df = 3), availability of additional facilities (x(2) = 98.144, df = 7), cleanness status (x(2) = 42.979, df = 4), scarcity of water (x(2) = 5.1388, df = 1) and family size (x(2) = 9.934, df = 2). The logistic regression analysis also indicated that those factors are significantly determining the water source types used by the households. Factors such as availability of toilet facility, household member type, and sex of the head of the household were not significantly associated with drinking water sources. CONCLUSION: The uses of drinking water from improved sources were determined by different demographic, socio-economic, sanitation, and hygiene-related factors. Therefore; the local, regional, and national governments and other supporting organizations shall improve the accessibility and adequacy of drinking water from improved sources in the area.
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spelling pubmed-80620532021-05-04 Determinants of water source use, quality of water, sanitation and hygiene perceptions among urban households in North-West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study Gebremichael, Shewayiref Geremew Yismaw, Emebet Tsegaw, Belete Dejen Shibeshi, Adeladilew Dires PLoS One Research Article BACKGROUND: Clean water is an essential part of human healthy life and wellbeing. More recently, rapid population growth, high illiteracy rate, lack of sustainable development, and climate change; faces a global challenge in developing countries. The discontinuity of drinking water supply forces households either to use unsafe water storage materials or to use water from unsafe sources. The present study aimed to identify the determinants of water source types, use, quality of water, and sanitation perception of physical parameters among urban households in North-West Ethiopia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among households from February to March 2019. An interview-based a pre-tested and structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data collection samples were selected randomly and proportional to each of the kebeles’ households. MS Excel and R Version 3.6.2 were used to enter and analyze the data; respectively. Descriptive statistics using frequencies and percentages were used to explain the sample data concerning the predictor variable. Both bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to assess the association between independent and response variables. RESULTS: Four hundred eighteen (418) households have participated. Based on the study undertaken,78.95% of households used improved and 21.05% of households used unimproved drinking water sources. Households drinking water sources were significantly associated with the age of the participant (x(2) = 20.392, df = 3), educational status (x(2) = 19.358, df = 4), source of income (x(2) = 21.777, df = 3), monthly income (x(2) = 13.322, df = 3), availability of additional facilities (x(2) = 98.144, df = 7), cleanness status (x(2) = 42.979, df = 4), scarcity of water (x(2) = 5.1388, df = 1) and family size (x(2) = 9.934, df = 2). The logistic regression analysis also indicated that those factors are significantly determining the water source types used by the households. Factors such as availability of toilet facility, household member type, and sex of the head of the household were not significantly associated with drinking water sources. CONCLUSION: The uses of drinking water from improved sources were determined by different demographic, socio-economic, sanitation, and hygiene-related factors. Therefore; the local, regional, and national governments and other supporting organizations shall improve the accessibility and adequacy of drinking water from improved sources in the area. Public Library of Science 2021-04-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8062053/ /pubmed/33886565 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239502 Text en © 2021 Gebremichael et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Gebremichael, Shewayiref Geremew
Yismaw, Emebet
Tsegaw, Belete Dejen
Shibeshi, Adeladilew Dires
Determinants of water source use, quality of water, sanitation and hygiene perceptions among urban households in North-West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
title Determinants of water source use, quality of water, sanitation and hygiene perceptions among urban households in North-West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
title_full Determinants of water source use, quality of water, sanitation and hygiene perceptions among urban households in North-West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
title_fullStr Determinants of water source use, quality of water, sanitation and hygiene perceptions among urban households in North-West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
title_full_unstemmed Determinants of water source use, quality of water, sanitation and hygiene perceptions among urban households in North-West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
title_short Determinants of water source use, quality of water, sanitation and hygiene perceptions among urban households in North-West Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study
title_sort determinants of water source use, quality of water, sanitation and hygiene perceptions among urban households in north-west ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8062053/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33886565
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239502
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