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The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the Nidovirales order

The frequent emergence of coronavirus (CoV) epidemics has seriously threatened public health and stock farming. The major hosts for CoVs are birds and mammals. Although most CoVs inhabit their specific natural hosts, some may occasionally cross the host barrier to infect livestock and even people, c...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Zhijian, Qiu, Ye, Ge, Xingyi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Singapore 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8062217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34778878
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00005-9
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author Zhou, Zhijian
Qiu, Ye
Ge, Xingyi
author_facet Zhou, Zhijian
Qiu, Ye
Ge, Xingyi
author_sort Zhou, Zhijian
collection PubMed
description The frequent emergence of coronavirus (CoV) epidemics has seriously threatened public health and stock farming. The major hosts for CoVs are birds and mammals. Although most CoVs inhabit their specific natural hosts, some may occasionally cross the host barrier to infect livestock and even people, causing a variety of diseases. Since the beginning of the new century, increasing attention has been given to research on CoVs due to the emergence of highly pathogenic and genetically diverse CoVs that have caused several epidemics, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. CoVs belong to the Coronaviridae family of the Nidovirales order. Recently, advanced techniques for viral detection and viral genome analyses have enabled characterization of many new nidoviruses than ever and have greatly expanded the Nidovirales order with new classification and nomenclature. Here, we first provide an overview of the latest research progress in the classification of the Nidovirales order and then introduce the host range, genetic variation, genomic pattern and pathogenic features of epidemic CoVs and other epidemic viruses. This information will promote understanding of the phylogenetic relationship and infectious transmission of various pathogenic nidoviruses, including epidemic CoVs, which will benefit virological research and viral disease control.
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spelling pubmed-80622172021-04-23 The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the Nidovirales order Zhou, Zhijian Qiu, Ye Ge, Xingyi Anim Dis Review The frequent emergence of coronavirus (CoV) epidemics has seriously threatened public health and stock farming. The major hosts for CoVs are birds and mammals. Although most CoVs inhabit their specific natural hosts, some may occasionally cross the host barrier to infect livestock and even people, causing a variety of diseases. Since the beginning of the new century, increasing attention has been given to research on CoVs due to the emergence of highly pathogenic and genetically diverse CoVs that have caused several epidemics, including the recent COVID-19 pandemic. CoVs belong to the Coronaviridae family of the Nidovirales order. Recently, advanced techniques for viral detection and viral genome analyses have enabled characterization of many new nidoviruses than ever and have greatly expanded the Nidovirales order with new classification and nomenclature. Here, we first provide an overview of the latest research progress in the classification of the Nidovirales order and then introduce the host range, genetic variation, genomic pattern and pathogenic features of epidemic CoVs and other epidemic viruses. This information will promote understanding of the phylogenetic relationship and infectious transmission of various pathogenic nidoviruses, including epidemic CoVs, which will benefit virological research and viral disease control. Springer Singapore 2021-04-23 2021 /pmc/articles/PMC8062217/ /pubmed/34778878 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00005-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2021, corrected publication 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Review
Zhou, Zhijian
Qiu, Ye
Ge, Xingyi
The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the Nidovirales order
title The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the Nidovirales order
title_full The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the Nidovirales order
title_fullStr The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the Nidovirales order
title_full_unstemmed The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the Nidovirales order
title_short The taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the Nidovirales order
title_sort taxonomy, host range and pathogenicity of coronaviruses and other viruses in the nidovirales order
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8062217/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34778878
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s44149-021-00005-9
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