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The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic

Mitochondria are central regulators of cellular metabolism, most known for their role in energy production. They can be “enhanced” by physical activity (including exercise), which increases their integrity, efficiency and dynamic adaptation to stressors, in short “mitochondrial fitness”. Mitochondri...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Burtscher, Johannes, Burtscher, Martin, Millet, Grégoire P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8062414/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33932869
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.101976
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author Burtscher, Johannes
Burtscher, Martin
Millet, Grégoire P.
author_facet Burtscher, Johannes
Burtscher, Martin
Millet, Grégoire P.
author_sort Burtscher, Johannes
collection PubMed
description Mitochondria are central regulators of cellular metabolism, most known for their role in energy production. They can be “enhanced” by physical activity (including exercise), which increases their integrity, efficiency and dynamic adaptation to stressors, in short “mitochondrial fitness”. Mitochondrial fitness is closely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. Given the importance of mitochondria in immune functions, it is thus not surprising that cardiorespiratory fitness is also an integral determinant of the antiviral host defense and vulnerability to infection. Here, we first briefly review the role of physical activity in viral infections. We then summarize mitochondrial functions that are relevant for the antiviral immune response with a particular focus on the current Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and on innate immune function. Finally, the modulation of mitochondrial and cardiorespiratory fitness by physical activity, aging and the chronic diseases that represent the most common comorbidities of COVID-19 is discussed. We conclude that a high mitochondrial - and related cardiorespiratory - fitness should be considered as protective factors for viral infections, including COVID-19. This assumption is corroborated by reduced mitochondrial fitness in many established risk factors of COVID-19, like age, various chronic diseases or obesity. We argue for regular analysis of the cardiorespiratory fitness of COVID-19 patients and the promotion of physical activity – with all its associated health benefits – as preventive measures against viral infection.
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spelling pubmed-80624142021-04-23 The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic Burtscher, Johannes Burtscher, Martin Millet, Grégoire P. Redox Biol Review Article Mitochondria are central regulators of cellular metabolism, most known for their role in energy production. They can be “enhanced” by physical activity (including exercise), which increases their integrity, efficiency and dynamic adaptation to stressors, in short “mitochondrial fitness”. Mitochondrial fitness is closely associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity. Given the importance of mitochondria in immune functions, it is thus not surprising that cardiorespiratory fitness is also an integral determinant of the antiviral host defense and vulnerability to infection. Here, we first briefly review the role of physical activity in viral infections. We then summarize mitochondrial functions that are relevant for the antiviral immune response with a particular focus on the current Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) pandemic and on innate immune function. Finally, the modulation of mitochondrial and cardiorespiratory fitness by physical activity, aging and the chronic diseases that represent the most common comorbidities of COVID-19 is discussed. We conclude that a high mitochondrial - and related cardiorespiratory - fitness should be considered as protective factors for viral infections, including COVID-19. This assumption is corroborated by reduced mitochondrial fitness in many established risk factors of COVID-19, like age, various chronic diseases or obesity. We argue for regular analysis of the cardiorespiratory fitness of COVID-19 patients and the promotion of physical activity – with all its associated health benefits – as preventive measures against viral infection. Elsevier 2021-04-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8062414/ /pubmed/33932869 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.101976 Text en © 2021 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review Article
Burtscher, Johannes
Burtscher, Martin
Millet, Grégoire P.
The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic
title The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic
title_full The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic
title_fullStr The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic
title_full_unstemmed The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic
title_short The central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: An advocacy for physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic
title_sort central role of mitochondrial fitness on antiviral defenses: an advocacy for physical activity during the covid-19 pandemic
topic Review Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8062414/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33932869
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.redox.2021.101976
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