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The effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth in Iran: a cross-sectional, case-control study
OBJECTIVES: The effect of age, sex, and other demographic factors on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of demographic characteristics on the relationship between dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, and smoking. METHO...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Korean Society of Epidemiology
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8062766/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33677858 http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021017 |
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author | Kakoei, Shahla Nekouei, Amir Hossein Kakooei, Sina Najafipour, Hamid |
author_facet | Kakoei, Shahla Nekouei, Amir Hossein Kakooei, Sina Najafipour, Hamid |
author_sort | Kakoei, Shahla |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVES: The effect of age, sex, and other demographic factors on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of demographic characteristics on the relationship between dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, and smoking. METHODS: This case-control study included 5,640 randomly-selected subjects from the second phase of the Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study, which observed 10,000 participants from 2014 to 2018. A checklist was used to record the participants’ demographic characteristics and smoking frequency. Each participant completed a six-item Fox questionnaire to measure dry mouth as a dependent variable. The interaction terms of daily cigarette smoking with sex, age, educational level, and marital status were entered into the model. Non-significant terms were removed using hierarchical model selection. RESULTS: Of the sample, 3,429 (60.8%) did not have dry mouth and were analyzed as controls, whereas 2,211 (39.2%) had xerostomia and were deemed to be cases. Smokers were more likely to have dry mouth in all ages and both sexes (p<0.001). As male became older, the chance of having dry mouth increased more rapidly than among female smokers (p<0.001). In addition, female smokers were more likely to have dry mouth than male smokers (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of dry mouth among daily smokers depended on age and sex. Female smokers were more likely to have dry mouth, and its likelihood increased with age in daily smokers of both sexes, though more rapidly in males. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8062766 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Korean Society of Epidemiology |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80627662021-05-04 The effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth in Iran: a cross-sectional, case-control study Kakoei, Shahla Nekouei, Amir Hossein Kakooei, Sina Najafipour, Hamid Epidemiol Health Original Article OBJECTIVES: The effect of age, sex, and other demographic factors on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth remains unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of demographic characteristics on the relationship between dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, and smoking. METHODS: This case-control study included 5,640 randomly-selected subjects from the second phase of the Kerman Coronary Artery Disease Risk Factors Study, which observed 10,000 participants from 2014 to 2018. A checklist was used to record the participants’ demographic characteristics and smoking frequency. Each participant completed a six-item Fox questionnaire to measure dry mouth as a dependent variable. The interaction terms of daily cigarette smoking with sex, age, educational level, and marital status were entered into the model. Non-significant terms were removed using hierarchical model selection. RESULTS: Of the sample, 3,429 (60.8%) did not have dry mouth and were analyzed as controls, whereas 2,211 (39.2%) had xerostomia and were deemed to be cases. Smokers were more likely to have dry mouth in all ages and both sexes (p<0.001). As male became older, the chance of having dry mouth increased more rapidly than among female smokers (p<0.001). In addition, female smokers were more likely to have dry mouth than male smokers (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The likelihood of dry mouth among daily smokers depended on age and sex. Female smokers were more likely to have dry mouth, and its likelihood increased with age in daily smokers of both sexes, though more rapidly in males. Korean Society of Epidemiology 2021-02-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8062766/ /pubmed/33677858 http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021017 Text en ©2021, Korean Society of Epidemiology https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article Kakoei, Shahla Nekouei, Amir Hossein Kakooei, Sina Najafipour, Hamid The effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth in Iran: a cross-sectional, case-control study |
title | The effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth in Iran: a cross-sectional, case-control study |
title_full | The effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth in Iran: a cross-sectional, case-control study |
title_fullStr | The effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth in Iran: a cross-sectional, case-control study |
title_full_unstemmed | The effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth in Iran: a cross-sectional, case-control study |
title_short | The effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth in Iran: a cross-sectional, case-control study |
title_sort | effect of demographic characteristics on the relationship between smoking and dry mouth in iran: a cross-sectional, case-control study |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8062766/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33677858 http://dx.doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2021017 |
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