Cargando…
Naturally-occurring tooth wear, tooth fracture, and cranial injuries in large carnivores from Zambia
Determining the incidence and causes of craniodental damage in wild carnivores is often constrained by limited access to specimens with associated ecological data, such as prey type and abundance. We assessed dental condition and cranial injuries in lion, leopard, and spotted hyena in relation to pr...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
PeerJ Inc.
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8063872/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33976987 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11313 |
_version_ | 1783682026053828608 |
---|---|
author | Van Valkenburgh, Blaire White, Paula A. |
author_facet | Van Valkenburgh, Blaire White, Paula A. |
author_sort | Van Valkenburgh, Blaire |
collection | PubMed |
description | Determining the incidence and causes of craniodental damage in wild carnivores is often constrained by limited access to specimens with associated ecological data, such as prey type and abundance. We assessed dental condition and cranial injuries in lion, leopard, and spotted hyena in relation to prey and predator populations in Zambia’s Luangwa Valley, where large prey are more abundant and lion and leopard more numerous, and the Greater Kafue Ecosystem, where smaller prey species are more prevalent and lion and leopard less common. In Luangwa, lions had significantly higher rates of tooth fracture, and blunt trauma injuries attributable to prey-handling, compared to Kafue lions. In contrast, leopards in both regions had similar rates of tooth wear and breakage. Overall, lions showed a significantly higher tooth fracture rate than leopards on a per tooth basis. Spotted hyenas had the highest rates of tooth wear and fracture among all three carnivores, and greatly exceeded previously recorded rates based on historical samples. Despite larger numbers of lion and leopard in Luangwa, there was no difference in incidence of intraspecific injuries between regions. These results are consistent with a greater abundance of large prey species, especially buffalo, in the diets of Luangwa lions, and previous work showing a reliance on smaller prey species in Kafue throughout the large carnivore guild. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8063872 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80638722021-05-10 Naturally-occurring tooth wear, tooth fracture, and cranial injuries in large carnivores from Zambia Van Valkenburgh, Blaire White, Paula A. PeerJ Animal Behavior Determining the incidence and causes of craniodental damage in wild carnivores is often constrained by limited access to specimens with associated ecological data, such as prey type and abundance. We assessed dental condition and cranial injuries in lion, leopard, and spotted hyena in relation to prey and predator populations in Zambia’s Luangwa Valley, where large prey are more abundant and lion and leopard more numerous, and the Greater Kafue Ecosystem, where smaller prey species are more prevalent and lion and leopard less common. In Luangwa, lions had significantly higher rates of tooth fracture, and blunt trauma injuries attributable to prey-handling, compared to Kafue lions. In contrast, leopards in both regions had similar rates of tooth wear and breakage. Overall, lions showed a significantly higher tooth fracture rate than leopards on a per tooth basis. Spotted hyenas had the highest rates of tooth wear and fracture among all three carnivores, and greatly exceeded previously recorded rates based on historical samples. Despite larger numbers of lion and leopard in Luangwa, there was no difference in incidence of intraspecific injuries between regions. These results are consistent with a greater abundance of large prey species, especially buffalo, in the diets of Luangwa lions, and previous work showing a reliance on smaller prey species in Kafue throughout the large carnivore guild. PeerJ Inc. 2021-04-20 /pmc/articles/PMC8063872/ /pubmed/33976987 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11313 Text en © 2021 Van Valkenburgh and White https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited. |
spellingShingle | Animal Behavior Van Valkenburgh, Blaire White, Paula A. Naturally-occurring tooth wear, tooth fracture, and cranial injuries in large carnivores from Zambia |
title | Naturally-occurring tooth wear, tooth fracture, and cranial injuries in large carnivores from Zambia |
title_full | Naturally-occurring tooth wear, tooth fracture, and cranial injuries in large carnivores from Zambia |
title_fullStr | Naturally-occurring tooth wear, tooth fracture, and cranial injuries in large carnivores from Zambia |
title_full_unstemmed | Naturally-occurring tooth wear, tooth fracture, and cranial injuries in large carnivores from Zambia |
title_short | Naturally-occurring tooth wear, tooth fracture, and cranial injuries in large carnivores from Zambia |
title_sort | naturally-occurring tooth wear, tooth fracture, and cranial injuries in large carnivores from zambia |
topic | Animal Behavior |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8063872/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33976987 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11313 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT vanvalkenburghblaire naturallyoccurringtoothweartoothfractureandcranialinjuriesinlargecarnivoresfromzambia AT whitepaulaa naturallyoccurringtoothweartoothfractureandcranialinjuriesinlargecarnivoresfromzambia |