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Analysis of immune responses to attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 formulated with and without adjuvant
The experimental vaccine for bovine malignant catarrhal fever consists of viable attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) derived by extensive culture passage, combined with an oil-in-water adjuvant, delivered intramuscularly. This immunisation strategy was over 80% effective in previous experi...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8065228/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33912826 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100090 |
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author | Russell, George C. Haig, David M. Dagleish, Mark P. Todd, Helen Percival, Ann Grant, Dawn M. Thomson, Jackie Karagianni, Anna E. Benavides, Julio |
author_facet | Russell, George C. Haig, David M. Dagleish, Mark P. Todd, Helen Percival, Ann Grant, Dawn M. Thomson, Jackie Karagianni, Anna E. Benavides, Julio |
author_sort | Russell, George C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The experimental vaccine for bovine malignant catarrhal fever consists of viable attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) derived by extensive culture passage, combined with an oil-in-water adjuvant, delivered intramuscularly. This immunisation strategy was over 80% effective in previous experimental and field trials and protection appeared to be associated with induction of virus-neutralising antibodies. Whether the vaccine virus is required to be viable at the point of immunisation and whether adjuvant is required to induce the appropriate immune responses remains unclear. To address these issues two studies were performed, firstly to analyse immune responses in the presence and absence of adjuvant and secondly, to investigate immune responses to vaccines containing adjuvant plus viable or inactivated AlHV-1. The first study showed that viable attenuated AlHV-1 in the absence of adjuvant induced virus-specific antibodies but the titres of virus-neutralising antibodies were significantly lower than those induced by vaccine containing viable virus and adjuvant, suggesting adjuvant was required for optimal responses. In contrast, the second study found that the vaccine containing inactivated (>99.9%) AlHV-1 induced similar levels of virus-neutralising antibody to the equivalent formulation containing viable AlHV-1. Together these studies suggest that the MCF vaccine acts as an antigen depot for induction of immune responses, requiring adjuvant and a suitable antigen source, which need not be viable virus. These observations may help in directing the development of alternative MCF vaccine formulations for distribution in the absence of an extensive cold chain. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8065228 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80652282021-04-27 Analysis of immune responses to attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 formulated with and without adjuvant Russell, George C. Haig, David M. Dagleish, Mark P. Todd, Helen Percival, Ann Grant, Dawn M. Thomson, Jackie Karagianni, Anna E. Benavides, Julio Vaccine X Regular paper The experimental vaccine for bovine malignant catarrhal fever consists of viable attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 (AlHV-1) derived by extensive culture passage, combined with an oil-in-water adjuvant, delivered intramuscularly. This immunisation strategy was over 80% effective in previous experimental and field trials and protection appeared to be associated with induction of virus-neutralising antibodies. Whether the vaccine virus is required to be viable at the point of immunisation and whether adjuvant is required to induce the appropriate immune responses remains unclear. To address these issues two studies were performed, firstly to analyse immune responses in the presence and absence of adjuvant and secondly, to investigate immune responses to vaccines containing adjuvant plus viable or inactivated AlHV-1. The first study showed that viable attenuated AlHV-1 in the absence of adjuvant induced virus-specific antibodies but the titres of virus-neutralising antibodies were significantly lower than those induced by vaccine containing viable virus and adjuvant, suggesting adjuvant was required for optimal responses. In contrast, the second study found that the vaccine containing inactivated (>99.9%) AlHV-1 induced similar levels of virus-neutralising antibody to the equivalent formulation containing viable AlHV-1. Together these studies suggest that the MCF vaccine acts as an antigen depot for induction of immune responses, requiring adjuvant and a suitable antigen source, which need not be viable virus. These observations may help in directing the development of alternative MCF vaccine formulations for distribution in the absence of an extensive cold chain. Elsevier 2021-03-22 /pmc/articles/PMC8065228/ /pubmed/33912826 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100090 Text en © 2021 The Authors https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Regular paper Russell, George C. Haig, David M. Dagleish, Mark P. Todd, Helen Percival, Ann Grant, Dawn M. Thomson, Jackie Karagianni, Anna E. Benavides, Julio Analysis of immune responses to attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 formulated with and without adjuvant |
title | Analysis of immune responses to attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 formulated with and without adjuvant |
title_full | Analysis of immune responses to attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 formulated with and without adjuvant |
title_fullStr | Analysis of immune responses to attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 formulated with and without adjuvant |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of immune responses to attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 formulated with and without adjuvant |
title_short | Analysis of immune responses to attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 formulated with and without adjuvant |
title_sort | analysis of immune responses to attenuated alcelaphine herpesvirus 1 formulated with and without adjuvant |
topic | Regular paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8065228/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33912826 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvacx.2021.100090 |
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