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Successful Use of Multidisciplinary Palliative Care in the Outpatient Treatment of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an HIV Positive Child
Histoplasmosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive children. The most common form is primary disseminated histoplasmosis, characterized by persistent fever and failure to thrive. A 10-year-old HIV positive girl presented to the Baylor College of Medi...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8065956/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8040273 |
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author | Lopez, Alison Bacha, Jason Kovarik, Carrie Campbell, Liane |
author_facet | Lopez, Alison Bacha, Jason Kovarik, Carrie Campbell, Liane |
author_sort | Lopez, Alison |
collection | PubMed |
description | Histoplasmosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive children. The most common form is primary disseminated histoplasmosis, characterized by persistent fever and failure to thrive. A 10-year-old HIV positive girl presented to the Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation—Tanzania Mbeya Center of Excellence (COE) with ulcerated skin lesions and a violaceous facial rash. She also had persistent fevers, severe acute malnutrition, and severe anemia. At diagnosis, the patient was failing first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a cluster of differentiation 4 immune cells (CD4) of 24 cells/µL and an HIV viral load (VL) of 196,658 cp/mL. The patient was changed to a second line ART regimen (abacavir, lamivudine, and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir) and received nutritional support, blood transfusions, multiple antibiotics, and meticulous wound care. She also received comprehensive symptom management, psychosocial support, and emergency housing through the COE’s palliative care program. Biopsy of a lesion showed intracytoplasmic organisms consistent with Histoplasmosis capsulatum var capsulatum. The patient was treated with conventional amphotericin B and oral itraconazole and she achieved wound healing as well as immune reconstitution and HIV viral suppression. Amphotericin infusions were given as an outpatient despite the resource constraints of the setting in southwestern Tanzania. Histoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the immunocompromised host with unusual skin manifestations and persistent fever. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8065956 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80659562021-04-25 Successful Use of Multidisciplinary Palliative Care in the Outpatient Treatment of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an HIV Positive Child Lopez, Alison Bacha, Jason Kovarik, Carrie Campbell, Liane Children (Basel) Case Report Histoplasmosis is an uncommon opportunistic infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive children. The most common form is primary disseminated histoplasmosis, characterized by persistent fever and failure to thrive. A 10-year-old HIV positive girl presented to the Baylor College of Medicine Children’s Foundation—Tanzania Mbeya Center of Excellence (COE) with ulcerated skin lesions and a violaceous facial rash. She also had persistent fevers, severe acute malnutrition, and severe anemia. At diagnosis, the patient was failing first line antiretroviral therapy (ART) with a cluster of differentiation 4 immune cells (CD4) of 24 cells/µL and an HIV viral load (VL) of 196,658 cp/mL. The patient was changed to a second line ART regimen (abacavir, lamivudine, and ritonavir-boosted lopinavir) and received nutritional support, blood transfusions, multiple antibiotics, and meticulous wound care. She also received comprehensive symptom management, psychosocial support, and emergency housing through the COE’s palliative care program. Biopsy of a lesion showed intracytoplasmic organisms consistent with Histoplasmosis capsulatum var capsulatum. The patient was treated with conventional amphotericin B and oral itraconazole and she achieved wound healing as well as immune reconstitution and HIV viral suppression. Amphotericin infusions were given as an outpatient despite the resource constraints of the setting in southwestern Tanzania. Histoplasmosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of the immunocompromised host with unusual skin manifestations and persistent fever. MDPI 2021-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8065956/ /pubmed/33918245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8040273 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Case Report Lopez, Alison Bacha, Jason Kovarik, Carrie Campbell, Liane Successful Use of Multidisciplinary Palliative Care in the Outpatient Treatment of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an HIV Positive Child |
title | Successful Use of Multidisciplinary Palliative Care in the Outpatient Treatment of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an HIV Positive Child |
title_full | Successful Use of Multidisciplinary Palliative Care in the Outpatient Treatment of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an HIV Positive Child |
title_fullStr | Successful Use of Multidisciplinary Palliative Care in the Outpatient Treatment of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an HIV Positive Child |
title_full_unstemmed | Successful Use of Multidisciplinary Palliative Care in the Outpatient Treatment of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an HIV Positive Child |
title_short | Successful Use of Multidisciplinary Palliative Care in the Outpatient Treatment of Disseminated Histoplasmosis in an HIV Positive Child |
title_sort | successful use of multidisciplinary palliative care in the outpatient treatment of disseminated histoplasmosis in an hiv positive child |
topic | Case Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8065956/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918245 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8040273 |
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