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Diverse Regulation but Conserved Function: SOX9 in Vertebrate Sex Determination
Sex determination occurs early during embryogenesis among vertebrates. It involves the differentiation of the bipotential gonad to ovaries or testes by a fascinating diversity of molecular switches. In most mammals, the switch is SRY (sex determining region Y); in other vertebrates it could be one o...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066042/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33810596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040486 |
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author | Vining, Brittany Ming, Zhenhua Bagheri-Fam, Stefan Harley, Vincent |
author_facet | Vining, Brittany Ming, Zhenhua Bagheri-Fam, Stefan Harley, Vincent |
author_sort | Vining, Brittany |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sex determination occurs early during embryogenesis among vertebrates. It involves the differentiation of the bipotential gonad to ovaries or testes by a fascinating diversity of molecular switches. In most mammals, the switch is SRY (sex determining region Y); in other vertebrates it could be one of a variety of genes including Dmrt1 or dmy. Downstream of the switch gene, SOX9 upregulation is a central event in testes development, controlled by gonad-specific enhancers across the 2 Mb SOX9 locus. SOX9 is a ‘hub’ gene of gonadal development, regulated positively in males and negatively in females. Despite this diversity, SOX9 protein sequence and function among vertebrates remains highly conserved. This article explores the cellular, morphological, and genetic mechanisms initiated by SOX9 for male gonad differentiation. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8066042 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80660422021-04-25 Diverse Regulation but Conserved Function: SOX9 in Vertebrate Sex Determination Vining, Brittany Ming, Zhenhua Bagheri-Fam, Stefan Harley, Vincent Genes (Basel) Review Sex determination occurs early during embryogenesis among vertebrates. It involves the differentiation of the bipotential gonad to ovaries or testes by a fascinating diversity of molecular switches. In most mammals, the switch is SRY (sex determining region Y); in other vertebrates it could be one of a variety of genes including Dmrt1 or dmy. Downstream of the switch gene, SOX9 upregulation is a central event in testes development, controlled by gonad-specific enhancers across the 2 Mb SOX9 locus. SOX9 is a ‘hub’ gene of gonadal development, regulated positively in males and negatively in females. Despite this diversity, SOX9 protein sequence and function among vertebrates remains highly conserved. This article explores the cellular, morphological, and genetic mechanisms initiated by SOX9 for male gonad differentiation. MDPI 2021-03-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8066042/ /pubmed/33810596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040486 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Review Vining, Brittany Ming, Zhenhua Bagheri-Fam, Stefan Harley, Vincent Diverse Regulation but Conserved Function: SOX9 in Vertebrate Sex Determination |
title | Diverse Regulation but Conserved Function: SOX9 in Vertebrate Sex Determination |
title_full | Diverse Regulation but Conserved Function: SOX9 in Vertebrate Sex Determination |
title_fullStr | Diverse Regulation but Conserved Function: SOX9 in Vertebrate Sex Determination |
title_full_unstemmed | Diverse Regulation but Conserved Function: SOX9 in Vertebrate Sex Determination |
title_short | Diverse Regulation but Conserved Function: SOX9 in Vertebrate Sex Determination |
title_sort | diverse regulation but conserved function: sox9 in vertebrate sex determination |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066042/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33810596 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040486 |
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