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Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis
Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs. It affects people of all ethnic backgrounds and occurs at any time of life but is more frequent in African Americans and Scandinavians and in adults between 30 and 50 years of ag...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066110/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040766 |
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author | Sève, Pascal Pacheco, Yves Durupt, François Jamilloux, Yvan Gerfaud-Valentin, Mathieu Isaac, Sylvie Boussel, Loïc Calender, Alain Androdias, Géraldine Valeyre, Dominique El Jammal, Thomas |
author_facet | Sève, Pascal Pacheco, Yves Durupt, François Jamilloux, Yvan Gerfaud-Valentin, Mathieu Isaac, Sylvie Boussel, Loïc Calender, Alain Androdias, Géraldine Valeyre, Dominique El Jammal, Thomas |
author_sort | Sève, Pascal |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs. It affects people of all ethnic backgrounds and occurs at any time of life but is more frequent in African Americans and Scandinavians and in adults between 30 and 50 years of age. Sarcoidosis can affect any organ with a frequency varying according to ethnicity, sex and age. Intrathoracic involvement occurs in 90% of patients with symmetrical bilateral hilar adenopathy and/or diffuse lung micronodules, mainly along the lymphatic structures which are the most affected system. Among extrapulmonary manifestations, skin lesions, uveitis, liver or splenic involvement, peripheral and abdominal lymphadenopathy and peripheral arthritis are the most frequent with a prevalence of 25–50%. Finally, cardiac and neurological manifestations which can be the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis, as can be bilateral parotitis, nasosinusal or laryngeal signs, hypercalcemia and renal dysfunction, affect less than 10% of patients. The diagnosis is not standardized but is based on three major criteria: a compatible clinical and/or radiological presentation, the histological evidence of non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in one or more tissues and the exclusion of alternative causes of granulomatous disease. Certain clinical features are considered to be highly specific of the disease (e.g., Löfgren’s syndrome, lupus pernio, Heerfordt’s syndrome) and do not require histological confirmation. New diagnostic guidelines were recently published. Specific clinical criteria have been developed for the diagnosis of cardiac, neurological and ocular sarcoidosis. This article focuses on the clinical presentation and the common differentials that need to be considered when appropriate. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8066110 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80661102021-04-25 Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis Sève, Pascal Pacheco, Yves Durupt, François Jamilloux, Yvan Gerfaud-Valentin, Mathieu Isaac, Sylvie Boussel, Loïc Calender, Alain Androdias, Géraldine Valeyre, Dominique El Jammal, Thomas Cells Review Sarcoidosis is a multi-system disease of unknown etiology characterized by the formation of granulomas in various organs. It affects people of all ethnic backgrounds and occurs at any time of life but is more frequent in African Americans and Scandinavians and in adults between 30 and 50 years of age. Sarcoidosis can affect any organ with a frequency varying according to ethnicity, sex and age. Intrathoracic involvement occurs in 90% of patients with symmetrical bilateral hilar adenopathy and/or diffuse lung micronodules, mainly along the lymphatic structures which are the most affected system. Among extrapulmonary manifestations, skin lesions, uveitis, liver or splenic involvement, peripheral and abdominal lymphadenopathy and peripheral arthritis are the most frequent with a prevalence of 25–50%. Finally, cardiac and neurological manifestations which can be the initial manifestation of sarcoidosis, as can be bilateral parotitis, nasosinusal or laryngeal signs, hypercalcemia and renal dysfunction, affect less than 10% of patients. The diagnosis is not standardized but is based on three major criteria: a compatible clinical and/or radiological presentation, the histological evidence of non-necrotizing granulomatous inflammation in one or more tissues and the exclusion of alternative causes of granulomatous disease. Certain clinical features are considered to be highly specific of the disease (e.g., Löfgren’s syndrome, lupus pernio, Heerfordt’s syndrome) and do not require histological confirmation. New diagnostic guidelines were recently published. Specific clinical criteria have been developed for the diagnosis of cardiac, neurological and ocular sarcoidosis. This article focuses on the clinical presentation and the common differentials that need to be considered when appropriate. MDPI 2021-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8066110/ /pubmed/33807303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040766 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Sève, Pascal Pacheco, Yves Durupt, François Jamilloux, Yvan Gerfaud-Valentin, Mathieu Isaac, Sylvie Boussel, Loïc Calender, Alain Androdias, Géraldine Valeyre, Dominique El Jammal, Thomas Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis |
title | Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis |
title_full | Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis |
title_fullStr | Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis |
title_short | Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Overview from Symptoms to Diagnosis |
title_sort | sarcoidosis: a clinical overview from symptoms to diagnosis |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066110/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807303 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040766 |
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