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More Than Meets the Eye: Revisiting the Roles of Heat Shock Factor 4 in Health and Diseases

Cells encounter a myriad of endogenous and exogenous stresses that could perturb cellular physiological processes. Therefore, cells are equipped with several adaptive and stress-response machinery to overcome and survive these insults. One such machinery is the heat shock response (HSR) program that...

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Autores principales: Syafruddin, Saiful Effendi, Ling, Sheen, Low, Teck Yew, Mohtar, M Aiman
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066111/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807297
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040523
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author Syafruddin, Saiful Effendi
Ling, Sheen
Low, Teck Yew
Mohtar, M Aiman
author_facet Syafruddin, Saiful Effendi
Ling, Sheen
Low, Teck Yew
Mohtar, M Aiman
author_sort Syafruddin, Saiful Effendi
collection PubMed
description Cells encounter a myriad of endogenous and exogenous stresses that could perturb cellular physiological processes. Therefore, cells are equipped with several adaptive and stress-response machinery to overcome and survive these insults. One such machinery is the heat shock response (HSR) program that is governed by the heat shock factors (HSFs) family in response towards elevated temperature, free radicals, oxidants, and heavy metals. HSF4 is a member of this HSFs family that could exist in two predominant isoforms, either the transcriptional repressor HSFa or transcriptional activator HSF4b. HSF4 is constitutively active due to the lack of oligomerization negative regulator domain. HSF4 has been demonstrated to play roles in several physiological processes and not only limited to regulating the classical heat shock- or stress-responsive transcriptional programs. In this review, we will revisit and delineate the recent updates on HSF4 molecular properties. We also comprehensively discuss the roles of HSF4 in health and diseases, particularly in lens cell development, cataract formation, and cancer pathogenesis. Finally, we will posit the potential direction of HSF4 future research that could enhance our knowledge on HSF4 molecular networks as well as physiological and pathophysiological functions.
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spelling pubmed-80661112021-04-25 More Than Meets the Eye: Revisiting the Roles of Heat Shock Factor 4 in Health and Diseases Syafruddin, Saiful Effendi Ling, Sheen Low, Teck Yew Mohtar, M Aiman Biomolecules Review Cells encounter a myriad of endogenous and exogenous stresses that could perturb cellular physiological processes. Therefore, cells are equipped with several adaptive and stress-response machinery to overcome and survive these insults. One such machinery is the heat shock response (HSR) program that is governed by the heat shock factors (HSFs) family in response towards elevated temperature, free radicals, oxidants, and heavy metals. HSF4 is a member of this HSFs family that could exist in two predominant isoforms, either the transcriptional repressor HSFa or transcriptional activator HSF4b. HSF4 is constitutively active due to the lack of oligomerization negative regulator domain. HSF4 has been demonstrated to play roles in several physiological processes and not only limited to regulating the classical heat shock- or stress-responsive transcriptional programs. In this review, we will revisit and delineate the recent updates on HSF4 molecular properties. We also comprehensively discuss the roles of HSF4 in health and diseases, particularly in lens cell development, cataract formation, and cancer pathogenesis. Finally, we will posit the potential direction of HSF4 future research that could enhance our knowledge on HSF4 molecular networks as well as physiological and pathophysiological functions. MDPI 2021-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8066111/ /pubmed/33807297 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040523 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Syafruddin, Saiful Effendi
Ling, Sheen
Low, Teck Yew
Mohtar, M Aiman
More Than Meets the Eye: Revisiting the Roles of Heat Shock Factor 4 in Health and Diseases
title More Than Meets the Eye: Revisiting the Roles of Heat Shock Factor 4 in Health and Diseases
title_full More Than Meets the Eye: Revisiting the Roles of Heat Shock Factor 4 in Health and Diseases
title_fullStr More Than Meets the Eye: Revisiting the Roles of Heat Shock Factor 4 in Health and Diseases
title_full_unstemmed More Than Meets the Eye: Revisiting the Roles of Heat Shock Factor 4 in Health and Diseases
title_short More Than Meets the Eye: Revisiting the Roles of Heat Shock Factor 4 in Health and Diseases
title_sort more than meets the eye: revisiting the roles of heat shock factor 4 in health and diseases
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066111/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807297
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040523
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