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The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue
Bones are metabolically active organs. Their reconstruction is crucial for the proper functioning of the skeletal system during bone growth and remodeling, fracture healing, and maintaining calcium–phosphorus homeostasis. The bone metabolism and tissue properties are influenced by trace elements tha...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066206/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33800689 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040506 |
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author | Ciosek, Żaneta Kot, Karolina Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia Rotter, Iwona |
author_facet | Ciosek, Żaneta Kot, Karolina Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia Rotter, Iwona |
author_sort | Ciosek, Żaneta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Bones are metabolically active organs. Their reconstruction is crucial for the proper functioning of the skeletal system during bone growth and remodeling, fracture healing, and maintaining calcium–phosphorus homeostasis. The bone metabolism and tissue properties are influenced by trace elements that may act either indirectly through the regulation of macromineral metabolism, or directly by affecting osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation or activity, or through becoming part of the bone mineral matrix. This study analyzes the skeletal impact of macroelements (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus), microelements (fluorine), and heavy metals (lead), and discusses the concentration of each of these elements in the various bone tissues. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8066206 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80662062021-04-25 The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue Ciosek, Żaneta Kot, Karolina Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia Rotter, Iwona Biomolecules Review Bones are metabolically active organs. Their reconstruction is crucial for the proper functioning of the skeletal system during bone growth and remodeling, fracture healing, and maintaining calcium–phosphorus homeostasis. The bone metabolism and tissue properties are influenced by trace elements that may act either indirectly through the regulation of macromineral metabolism, or directly by affecting osteoblast and osteoclast proliferation or activity, or through becoming part of the bone mineral matrix. This study analyzes the skeletal impact of macroelements (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus), microelements (fluorine), and heavy metals (lead), and discusses the concentration of each of these elements in the various bone tissues. MDPI 2021-03-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8066206/ /pubmed/33800689 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040506 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Review Ciosek, Żaneta Kot, Karolina Kosik-Bogacka, Danuta Łanocha-Arendarczyk, Natalia Rotter, Iwona The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue |
title | The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue |
title_full | The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue |
title_fullStr | The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue |
title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue |
title_short | The Effects of Calcium, Magnesium, Phosphorus, Fluoride, and Lead on Bone Tissue |
title_sort | effects of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, fluoride, and lead on bone tissue |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066206/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33800689 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11040506 |
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