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Toxic and Microbiological Effects of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles as Additives on Extended Ram Semen

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Artificial insemination with extended semen is a reproductive biotechnological method promising quick genetic improvement and benefits for farmers. Semen collection in farm animals, including rams, is a procedure that takes place under unsterile conditions. Apart from certain bacteri...

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Autores principales: Tsakmakidis, Ioannis A., Samaras, Theodoros, Anastasiadou, Sofia, Basioura, Athina, Ntemka, Aikaterini, Michos, Ilias, Simeonidis, Konstantinos, Karagiannis, Isidoros, Tsousis, Georgios, Angelakeris, Mavroeidis, Boscos, Constantin M.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066584/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33916752
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041011
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author Tsakmakidis, Ioannis A.
Samaras, Theodoros
Anastasiadou, Sofia
Basioura, Athina
Ntemka, Aikaterini
Michos, Ilias
Simeonidis, Konstantinos
Karagiannis, Isidoros
Tsousis, Georgios
Angelakeris, Mavroeidis
Boscos, Constantin M.
author_facet Tsakmakidis, Ioannis A.
Samaras, Theodoros
Anastasiadou, Sofia
Basioura, Athina
Ntemka, Aikaterini
Michos, Ilias
Simeonidis, Konstantinos
Karagiannis, Isidoros
Tsousis, Georgios
Angelakeris, Mavroeidis
Boscos, Constantin M.
author_sort Tsakmakidis, Ioannis A.
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Artificial insemination with extended semen is a reproductive biotechnological method promising quick genetic improvement and benefits for farmers. Semen collection in farm animals, including rams, is a procedure that takes place under unsterile conditions. Apart from certain bacteria, which are pathogenic and may be transmitted through semen to the female genital tract, causing clinical diseases, semen from healthy donors may also be contaminated during processing of the ejaculate. Consequently, ejaculate contamination with bacteria is inevitable. Antibiotics are a main constituent of semen extenders to avoid growth of bacteria present in ram semen and, subsequently, enhance reproductive performance. During the last decades, however, there is an increasing scientific interest about alternative agents to the conventional antibiotics, such as nanoparticles, to overcome bacterial resistance, which is a serious problem for human and veterinary medicine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of iron oxide and silver nanoparticles’ supplementation on bacterial proliferation control during ram semen processing, as well as their impact on sperm quality and functionality variables. ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of iron oxide (Fe) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on ram semen. A skim milk extender without antibiotics was used as a diluent of 21 ejaculates (8 rams; 2–3 ejaculates/ram). The groups of control (C; semen without NPs), Fe NPs (3.072 mg Fe(3)O(4)/mL semen), and Ag NPs (2.048 mg Ag-Fe/mL semen) were incubated (15 °C; 30 min), and then a magnetic field was used for NPs’ removal. Standard microbiological procedures were performed for all groups. Post-treated samples were stored (15 °C) for 24 h, and sperm variables (kinetics by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA); viability; morphology; HOST; DNA integrity) were evaluated at 6 and 24 h. Semen data were analyzed by a mixed model for repeated measures and microbiological data with Student’s t-test for paired samples. At 6 h of storage, VCL and rapid movement-spermatozoa, and at 24 h, total/progressive motility and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) were significantly decreased in group Ag compared to control. In group Fe, progressive/rapid movement-spermatozoa were significantly lower compared to control after 24 h of storage. Only in group Ag was a significant reduction of total bacterial count revealed. In conclusion, the examined Fe NPs demonstrated slight antibacterial effect, while the examined Ag NPs provided higher antibacterial properties accompanied by cytotoxicity.
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spelling pubmed-80665842021-04-25 Toxic and Microbiological Effects of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles as Additives on Extended Ram Semen Tsakmakidis, Ioannis A. Samaras, Theodoros Anastasiadou, Sofia Basioura, Athina Ntemka, Aikaterini Michos, Ilias Simeonidis, Konstantinos Karagiannis, Isidoros Tsousis, Georgios Angelakeris, Mavroeidis Boscos, Constantin M. Animals (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Artificial insemination with extended semen is a reproductive biotechnological method promising quick genetic improvement and benefits for farmers. Semen collection in farm animals, including rams, is a procedure that takes place under unsterile conditions. Apart from certain bacteria, which are pathogenic and may be transmitted through semen to the female genital tract, causing clinical diseases, semen from healthy donors may also be contaminated during processing of the ejaculate. Consequently, ejaculate contamination with bacteria is inevitable. Antibiotics are a main constituent of semen extenders to avoid growth of bacteria present in ram semen and, subsequently, enhance reproductive performance. During the last decades, however, there is an increasing scientific interest about alternative agents to the conventional antibiotics, such as nanoparticles, to overcome bacterial resistance, which is a serious problem for human and veterinary medicine. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effect of iron oxide and silver nanoparticles’ supplementation on bacterial proliferation control during ram semen processing, as well as their impact on sperm quality and functionality variables. ABSTRACT: The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of iron oxide (Fe) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on ram semen. A skim milk extender without antibiotics was used as a diluent of 21 ejaculates (8 rams; 2–3 ejaculates/ram). The groups of control (C; semen without NPs), Fe NPs (3.072 mg Fe(3)O(4)/mL semen), and Ag NPs (2.048 mg Ag-Fe/mL semen) were incubated (15 °C; 30 min), and then a magnetic field was used for NPs’ removal. Standard microbiological procedures were performed for all groups. Post-treated samples were stored (15 °C) for 24 h, and sperm variables (kinetics by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA); viability; morphology; HOST; DNA integrity) were evaluated at 6 and 24 h. Semen data were analyzed by a mixed model for repeated measures and microbiological data with Student’s t-test for paired samples. At 6 h of storage, VCL and rapid movement-spermatozoa, and at 24 h, total/progressive motility and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) were significantly decreased in group Ag compared to control. In group Fe, progressive/rapid movement-spermatozoa were significantly lower compared to control after 24 h of storage. Only in group Ag was a significant reduction of total bacterial count revealed. In conclusion, the examined Fe NPs demonstrated slight antibacterial effect, while the examined Ag NPs provided higher antibacterial properties accompanied by cytotoxicity. MDPI 2021-04-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8066584/ /pubmed/33916752 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041011 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Tsakmakidis, Ioannis A.
Samaras, Theodoros
Anastasiadou, Sofia
Basioura, Athina
Ntemka, Aikaterini
Michos, Ilias
Simeonidis, Konstantinos
Karagiannis, Isidoros
Tsousis, Georgios
Angelakeris, Mavroeidis
Boscos, Constantin M.
Toxic and Microbiological Effects of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles as Additives on Extended Ram Semen
title Toxic and Microbiological Effects of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles as Additives on Extended Ram Semen
title_full Toxic and Microbiological Effects of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles as Additives on Extended Ram Semen
title_fullStr Toxic and Microbiological Effects of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles as Additives on Extended Ram Semen
title_full_unstemmed Toxic and Microbiological Effects of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles as Additives on Extended Ram Semen
title_short Toxic and Microbiological Effects of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles as Additives on Extended Ram Semen
title_sort toxic and microbiological effects of iron oxide and silver nanoparticles as additives on extended ram semen
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066584/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33916752
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11041011
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