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High Levels of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Trumpet Shell Charonia lampas from the Portuguese Coast

Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin, considered an emerging toxin in Europe where recently a safety limit of 44 µg TTX kg(−1) was recommended by authorities. In this study, three specimens of the large gastropod trumpet shell Charonia lampas bought in a market in south Portugal were analyzed u...

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Autores principales: Costa, Pedro Reis, Giráldez, Jorge, Rodrigues, Susana Margarida, Leão, José Manuel, Pinto, Estefanía, Soliño, Lucía, Gago-Martínez, Ana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807311
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040250
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author Costa, Pedro Reis
Giráldez, Jorge
Rodrigues, Susana Margarida
Leão, José Manuel
Pinto, Estefanía
Soliño, Lucía
Gago-Martínez, Ana
author_facet Costa, Pedro Reis
Giráldez, Jorge
Rodrigues, Susana Margarida
Leão, José Manuel
Pinto, Estefanía
Soliño, Lucía
Gago-Martínez, Ana
author_sort Costa, Pedro Reis
collection PubMed
description Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin, considered an emerging toxin in Europe where recently a safety limit of 44 µg TTX kg(−1) was recommended by authorities. In this study, three specimens of the large gastropod trumpet shell Charonia lampas bought in a market in south Portugal were analyzed using a neuroblastoma cell (N2a) based assay and by LC-MS/MS. N2a toxicity was observed in the viscera of two individuals analyzed and LC-MS/MS showed very high concentrations of TTX (42.1 mg kg(−1)) and 4,9-anhydroTTX (56.3 mg kg(−1)). A third compound with m/z 318 and structurally related with TTX was observed. In the edible portion, i.e., the muscle, toxin levels were below the EFSA recommended limit. This study shows that trumpet shell marine snails are seafood species that may reach the markets containing low TTX levels in the edible portion but containing very high levels of TTX in non-edible portion raising concerns regarding food safety if a proper evisceration is not carried out by consumers. These results highlight the need for better understanding TTX variability in this gastropod species, which is critical to developing a proper legal framework for resources management ensuring seafood safety, and the introduction of these gastropods in the markets.
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spelling pubmed-80667932021-04-25 High Levels of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Trumpet Shell Charonia lampas from the Portuguese Coast Costa, Pedro Reis Giráldez, Jorge Rodrigues, Susana Margarida Leão, José Manuel Pinto, Estefanía Soliño, Lucía Gago-Martínez, Ana Toxins (Basel) Article Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin, considered an emerging toxin in Europe where recently a safety limit of 44 µg TTX kg(−1) was recommended by authorities. In this study, three specimens of the large gastropod trumpet shell Charonia lampas bought in a market in south Portugal were analyzed using a neuroblastoma cell (N2a) based assay and by LC-MS/MS. N2a toxicity was observed in the viscera of two individuals analyzed and LC-MS/MS showed very high concentrations of TTX (42.1 mg kg(−1)) and 4,9-anhydroTTX (56.3 mg kg(−1)). A third compound with m/z 318 and structurally related with TTX was observed. In the edible portion, i.e., the muscle, toxin levels were below the EFSA recommended limit. This study shows that trumpet shell marine snails are seafood species that may reach the markets containing low TTX levels in the edible portion but containing very high levels of TTX in non-edible portion raising concerns regarding food safety if a proper evisceration is not carried out by consumers. These results highlight the need for better understanding TTX variability in this gastropod species, which is critical to developing a proper legal framework for resources management ensuring seafood safety, and the introduction of these gastropods in the markets. MDPI 2021-03-31 /pmc/articles/PMC8066793/ /pubmed/33807311 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040250 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Costa, Pedro Reis
Giráldez, Jorge
Rodrigues, Susana Margarida
Leão, José Manuel
Pinto, Estefanía
Soliño, Lucía
Gago-Martínez, Ana
High Levels of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Trumpet Shell Charonia lampas from the Portuguese Coast
title High Levels of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Trumpet Shell Charonia lampas from the Portuguese Coast
title_full High Levels of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Trumpet Shell Charonia lampas from the Portuguese Coast
title_fullStr High Levels of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Trumpet Shell Charonia lampas from the Portuguese Coast
title_full_unstemmed High Levels of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Trumpet Shell Charonia lampas from the Portuguese Coast
title_short High Levels of Tetrodotoxin (TTX) in Trumpet Shell Charonia lampas from the Portuguese Coast
title_sort high levels of tetrodotoxin (ttx) in trumpet shell charonia lampas from the portuguese coast
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066793/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33807311
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins13040250
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