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Dopamine: The Neuromodulator of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity, Reward and Movement Control

Dopamine (DA) is a key neurotransmitter involved in multiple physiological functions including motor control, modulation of affective and emotional states, reward mechanisms, reinforcement of behavior, and selected higher cognitive functions. Dysfunction in dopaminergic transmission is recognized as...

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Autores principales: Speranza, Luisa, di Porzio, Umberto, Viggiano, Davide, de Donato, Antonio, Volpicelli, Floriana
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066851/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33810328
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040735
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author Speranza, Luisa
di Porzio, Umberto
Viggiano, Davide
de Donato, Antonio
Volpicelli, Floriana
author_facet Speranza, Luisa
di Porzio, Umberto
Viggiano, Davide
de Donato, Antonio
Volpicelli, Floriana
author_sort Speranza, Luisa
collection PubMed
description Dopamine (DA) is a key neurotransmitter involved in multiple physiological functions including motor control, modulation of affective and emotional states, reward mechanisms, reinforcement of behavior, and selected higher cognitive functions. Dysfunction in dopaminergic transmission is recognized as a core alteration in several devastating neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and addiction. Here we will discuss the current insights on the role of DA in motor control and reward learning mechanisms and its involvement in the modulation of synaptic dynamics through different pathways. In particular, we will consider the role of DA as neuromodulator of two forms of synaptic plasticity, known as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in several cortical and subcortical areas. Finally, we will delineate how the effect of DA on dendritic spines places this molecule at the interface between the motor and the cognitive systems. Specifically, we will be focusing on PD, vascular dementia, and schizophrenia.
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spelling pubmed-80668512021-04-25 Dopamine: The Neuromodulator of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity, Reward and Movement Control Speranza, Luisa di Porzio, Umberto Viggiano, Davide de Donato, Antonio Volpicelli, Floriana Cells Review Dopamine (DA) is a key neurotransmitter involved in multiple physiological functions including motor control, modulation of affective and emotional states, reward mechanisms, reinforcement of behavior, and selected higher cognitive functions. Dysfunction in dopaminergic transmission is recognized as a core alteration in several devastating neurological and psychiatric disorders, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and addiction. Here we will discuss the current insights on the role of DA in motor control and reward learning mechanisms and its involvement in the modulation of synaptic dynamics through different pathways. In particular, we will consider the role of DA as neuromodulator of two forms of synaptic plasticity, known as long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) in several cortical and subcortical areas. Finally, we will delineate how the effect of DA on dendritic spines places this molecule at the interface between the motor and the cognitive systems. Specifically, we will be focusing on PD, vascular dementia, and schizophrenia. MDPI 2021-03-26 /pmc/articles/PMC8066851/ /pubmed/33810328 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040735 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ).
spellingShingle Review
Speranza, Luisa
di Porzio, Umberto
Viggiano, Davide
de Donato, Antonio
Volpicelli, Floriana
Dopamine: The Neuromodulator of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity, Reward and Movement Control
title Dopamine: The Neuromodulator of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity, Reward and Movement Control
title_full Dopamine: The Neuromodulator of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity, Reward and Movement Control
title_fullStr Dopamine: The Neuromodulator of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity, Reward and Movement Control
title_full_unstemmed Dopamine: The Neuromodulator of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity, Reward and Movement Control
title_short Dopamine: The Neuromodulator of Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity, Reward and Movement Control
title_sort dopamine: the neuromodulator of long-term synaptic plasticity, reward and movement control
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8066851/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33810328
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040735
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