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Cells with Many Talents: Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in the Brain Meninges
The lymphatic system serves key functions in maintaining fluid homeostasis, the uptake of dietary fats in the small intestine, and the trafficking of immune cells. Almost all vascularized peripheral tissues and organs contain lymphatic vessels. The brain parenchyma, however, is considered immune pri...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067019/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918497 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040799 |
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author | Suárez, Irina Schulte-Merker, Stefan |
author_facet | Suárez, Irina Schulte-Merker, Stefan |
author_sort | Suárez, Irina |
collection | PubMed |
description | The lymphatic system serves key functions in maintaining fluid homeostasis, the uptake of dietary fats in the small intestine, and the trafficking of immune cells. Almost all vascularized peripheral tissues and organs contain lymphatic vessels. The brain parenchyma, however, is considered immune privileged and devoid of lymphatic structures. This contrasts with the notion that the brain is metabolically extremely active, produces large amounts of waste and metabolites that need to be cleared, and is especially sensitive to edema formation. Recently, meningeal lymphatic vessels in mammals and zebrafish have been (re-)discovered, but how they contribute to fluid drainage is still not fully understood. Here, we discuss these meningeal vessel systems as well as a newly described cell population in the zebrafish and mouse meninges. These cells, termed brain lymphatic endothelial cells/Fluorescent Granular Perithelial cells/meningeal mural lymphatic endothelial cells in fish, and Leptomeningeal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in mice, exhibit remarkable features. They have a typical lymphatic endothelial gene expression signature but do not form vessels and rather constitute a meshwork of single cells, covering the brain surface. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8067019 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80670192021-04-25 Cells with Many Talents: Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in the Brain Meninges Suárez, Irina Schulte-Merker, Stefan Cells Review The lymphatic system serves key functions in maintaining fluid homeostasis, the uptake of dietary fats in the small intestine, and the trafficking of immune cells. Almost all vascularized peripheral tissues and organs contain lymphatic vessels. The brain parenchyma, however, is considered immune privileged and devoid of lymphatic structures. This contrasts with the notion that the brain is metabolically extremely active, produces large amounts of waste and metabolites that need to be cleared, and is especially sensitive to edema formation. Recently, meningeal lymphatic vessels in mammals and zebrafish have been (re-)discovered, but how they contribute to fluid drainage is still not fully understood. Here, we discuss these meningeal vessel systems as well as a newly described cell population in the zebrafish and mouse meninges. These cells, termed brain lymphatic endothelial cells/Fluorescent Granular Perithelial cells/meningeal mural lymphatic endothelial cells in fish, and Leptomeningeal Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in mice, exhibit remarkable features. They have a typical lymphatic endothelial gene expression signature but do not form vessels and rather constitute a meshwork of single cells, covering the brain surface. MDPI 2021-04-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8067019/ /pubmed/33918497 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040799 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Suárez, Irina Schulte-Merker, Stefan Cells with Many Talents: Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in the Brain Meninges |
title | Cells with Many Talents: Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in the Brain Meninges |
title_full | Cells with Many Talents: Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in the Brain Meninges |
title_fullStr | Cells with Many Talents: Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in the Brain Meninges |
title_full_unstemmed | Cells with Many Talents: Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in the Brain Meninges |
title_short | Cells with Many Talents: Lymphatic Endothelial Cells in the Brain Meninges |
title_sort | cells with many talents: lymphatic endothelial cells in the brain meninges |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067019/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33918497 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells10040799 |
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