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Evolution of Multicellular Complexity in The Dictyostelid Social Amoebas
Multicellularity evolved repeatedly in the history of life, but how it unfolded varies greatly between different lineages. Dictyostelid social amoebas offer a good system to study the evolution of multicellular complexity, with a well-resolved phylogeny and molecular genetic tools being available. W...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801615 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040487 |
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author | Kin, Koryu Schaap, Pauline |
author_facet | Kin, Koryu Schaap, Pauline |
author_sort | Kin, Koryu |
collection | PubMed |
description | Multicellularity evolved repeatedly in the history of life, but how it unfolded varies greatly between different lineages. Dictyostelid social amoebas offer a good system to study the evolution of multicellular complexity, with a well-resolved phylogeny and molecular genetic tools being available. We compare the life cycles of the Dictyostelids with closely related amoebozoans to show that complex life cycles were already present in the unicellular common ancestor of Dictyostelids. We propose frost resistance as an early driver of multicellular evolution in Dictyostelids and show that the cell signalling pathways for differentiating spore and stalk cells evolved from that for encystation. The stalk cell differentiation program was further modified, possibly through gene duplication, to evolve a new cell type, cup cells, in Group 4 Dictyostelids. Studies in various multicellular organisms, including Dictyostelids, volvocine algae, and metazoans, suggest as a common principle in the evolution of multicellular complexity that unicellular regulatory programs for adapting to environmental change serve as “proto-cell types” for subsequent evolution of multicellular organisms. Later, new cell types could further evolve by duplicating and diversifying the “proto-cell type” gene regulatory networks. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8067170 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-80671702021-04-25 Evolution of Multicellular Complexity in The Dictyostelid Social Amoebas Kin, Koryu Schaap, Pauline Genes (Basel) Review Multicellularity evolved repeatedly in the history of life, but how it unfolded varies greatly between different lineages. Dictyostelid social amoebas offer a good system to study the evolution of multicellular complexity, with a well-resolved phylogeny and molecular genetic tools being available. We compare the life cycles of the Dictyostelids with closely related amoebozoans to show that complex life cycles were already present in the unicellular common ancestor of Dictyostelids. We propose frost resistance as an early driver of multicellular evolution in Dictyostelids and show that the cell signalling pathways for differentiating spore and stalk cells evolved from that for encystation. The stalk cell differentiation program was further modified, possibly through gene duplication, to evolve a new cell type, cup cells, in Group 4 Dictyostelids. Studies in various multicellular organisms, including Dictyostelids, volvocine algae, and metazoans, suggest as a common principle in the evolution of multicellular complexity that unicellular regulatory programs for adapting to environmental change serve as “proto-cell types” for subsequent evolution of multicellular organisms. Later, new cell types could further evolve by duplicating and diversifying the “proto-cell type” gene regulatory networks. MDPI 2021-03-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8067170/ /pubmed/33801615 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040487 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ). |
spellingShingle | Review Kin, Koryu Schaap, Pauline Evolution of Multicellular Complexity in The Dictyostelid Social Amoebas |
title | Evolution of Multicellular Complexity in The Dictyostelid Social Amoebas |
title_full | Evolution of Multicellular Complexity in The Dictyostelid Social Amoebas |
title_fullStr | Evolution of Multicellular Complexity in The Dictyostelid Social Amoebas |
title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of Multicellular Complexity in The Dictyostelid Social Amoebas |
title_short | Evolution of Multicellular Complexity in The Dictyostelid Social Amoebas |
title_sort | evolution of multicellular complexity in the dictyostelid social amoebas |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8067170/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33801615 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12040487 |
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